Shloka 27

मुक्ता-उत्पत्ति-भेदाः, मूल्य-मान-निर्णयः, शोधन-परीक्षा-लक्षणानि

Pearl Sources, Valuation, Refinement, and Identification

Devanagari script

यन्माषकार्धेन ततो विहीनं तत्पञ्चभागद्वयहीनमूल्यम् / यन्माषकांस्त्रीन्बिभृयात्सहस्रे द्वे तस्य मूल्यं परमं प्रदिष्टम्

Transliteration

yanmāṣakārdhena tato vihīnaṃ tatpañcabhāgadvayahīnamūlyam / yanmāṣakāṃstrīnbibhṛyātsahasre dve tasya mūlyaṃ paramaṃ pradiṣṭam

Translation

Yang kurang setengah māṣaka dari itu dinilai berkurang dua-perlima. Dan yang mencapai tiga māṣaka pada ukuran dua ribu dinyatakan memiliki nilai tertinggi, yakni dua ribu.

Word by Word

• yat: that which
• yat: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन — relative ‘which/that which’

• māṣaka-ardhena: by half a māṣaka
• māṣaka-ardhena: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: māṣaka + ardha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष — ‘by half a māṣaka’

• tataḥ: from that/thereafter
• tataḥ: Apadana (Source/अपादान)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: अपादान/क्रमवाचक अव्यय (from that/thereafter)

• vihīnam: lacking, reduced
• vihīnam: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vi-hīna (कृदन्त; √hā हा धातु)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त — ‘devoid of, lacking’

• tat: that
• tat: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन — ‘that’ (correlative)

• pañca-bhāga-dvaya-hīna-mūlyam: having a value reduced by two-fifths
• pañca-bhāga-dvaya-hīna-mūlyam: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pañca + bhāga + dvaya + hīna + mūlya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; बहुपद-तत्पुरुष — ‘value lacking two fifth-parts’

• yat: that which
• yat: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन — ‘that which’

• māṣakān: māṣaka units
• māṣakān: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: māṣaka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), बहुवचन — ‘māṣakas’

• trīn: three
• trīn: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tri (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), बहुवचन — ‘three’ (agreeing with māṣakān)

• bibhṛyāt: should contain
• bibhṛyāt: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √bhṛ (भृ धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन, परस्मैपद — ‘should bear/contain’

• sahasre: in a thousand (scale)
• sahasre: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sahasra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन — ‘in a thousand (unit/scale)’

• dve: two
• dve: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dvi (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, द्विवचन — ‘two’

• tasya: of that
• tasya: Sambandha (Genitive/षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), एकवचन — ‘of that’

• mūlyam: value
• mūlyam: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mūlya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• paramam: highest
• paramam: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: parama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन — ‘highest’

• pradiṣṭam: declared
• pradiṣṭam: Kriya (Predicate/विधेय)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pra-diṣṭa (कृदन्त; √diś दिश् धातु)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त — ‘declared, prescribed’

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in dialogue with Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Value is graded by precise weight differences; small deviations entail defined proportional price changes; a highest standard is specified.

Application: Apply proportional pricing and disclose weight shortfalls; use standardized units (māṣaka) to avoid disputes and ensure fairness.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: appraisal/merchant context (implied)

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.69.26-29 (continuation of pearl valuation by weight and quality)

FAQs

What is the importance of accurate measurement (māṣaka) in the Garuda Purana?

This verse stresses that even small deviations in standard units (like half a māṣaka) change the recognized value, implying that ritual gifts/offerings should be measured precisely to preserve their intended merit.

How does this verse relate to Garuda Purana guidance on śrāddha or dāna?

By defining how value changes with specific deficiencies or quantities, it supports the broader Garuda Purana emphasis that śrāddha/dāna should follow exact standards so the rite produces the correct spiritual and dharmic result.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

When performing religious giving or ritual purchases, follow honest weights and standardized measures; avoid cutting corners in offerings meant for sacred purposes.