Sutra 43
Devanagari script
तयोरप्यन्यतरपराजयोऽस्तीति नलयुधिष्ठिराभ्यां व्याख्यातम् ॥ कZ_०८.३.४३ ॥
Transliteration
tayor apy anyataraparājayo 'stīti nalayudhiṣṭhirābhyāṃ vyākhyātam
Translation
Sebab bahkan di antara keduanya (yang terampil dan lawan), kekalahan salah satu pihak terjadi—hal ini dijelaskan melalui Nala dan Yudhiṣṭhira.
Word by Word
तयोःof those two
तयोः:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formsarvanāma; genitive dual (षष्ठी-द्विवचन)
अपिalso; even
अपि:
TypeParticle
Rootअपि
Formnipāta; emphatic/inclusive particle
अन्यतरone of the two (either one)
अन्यतर:
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootअन्यतर
Formpronominal adjective; nominative singular masculine (प्रथमा-एकवचन-पुं) used with implied noun (e.g., पक्षः/जनः)
पराजयःdefeat; loss
पराजयः:
TypeNoun
Rootपराजय
Formmasculine; nominative singular (प्रथमा-एकवचन)
अस्तिthere is; exists
अस्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
Formpresent indicative; parasmaipada; 3rd person singular (लट्, प्र.पु., एकवचन)
इतिthus
इति:
TypeQuotative particle
Rootइति
Formnipāta; marks end of quotation/thought
नलby Nala
नल:
TypeProper Noun
Rootनल
Formmasculine; instrumental singular (तृतीया-एकवचन)
युधिष्ठिरby Yudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिर:
TypeProper Noun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
Formmasculine; instrumental singular (तृतीया-एकवचन)
आभ्याम्by the two (together)
आभ्याम्:
TypeDual-instrumental marker
Root(द्वि-प्रयोगः)
Forminstrumental dual ending (तृतीया-द्विवचन) completing the dvandva sense with the two preceding names: ‘नल-युधिष्ठिर-आभ्याम्’ = ‘by Nala and Yudhiṣṭhira’
व्याख्यातम्has been explained; was expounded
व्याख्यातम्:
TypeVerb (Past Passive Participle)
Rootव्याख्या + कृ (कृञ्)
FormPPP (क्त); neuter nominative/accusative singular; passive sense: ‘has been explained’
Entities Mentioned
N
NalaY
YudhiṣṭhiraFAQs
He shifts from ‘skill guarantees victory’ to ‘outcomes are unstable’; therefore gambling cannot be justified as a controlled, predictable activity.