Sutra 5

Devanagari script

स्वयं द्र्ष्टं प्रत्यक्षम् ॥ कZ_०१.९.०५ ॥

Transliteration

svayaṃ drṣṭaṃ pratyakṣam

Translation

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Word by Word

• स्वयम्: by oneself; personally
• Type: Avyaya
• Root: स्वयम् (निपात)
• Form: अव्ययम्; निपातः; अर्थे—स्वतः/स्वयमेव

• दृष्टम्: seen; observed (by oneself)
• Type: Participle (Verbal adjective)
• Root: दृश् (दर्शन)
• Form: कृदन्तः—क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (भूतकर्मणि/भूतकाले); नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचनम्; ‘दृश्’ धातोः

• प्रत्यक्षम्: direct perception; perceptible (to the senses)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: प्रति + अक्ष (अक्षि/अक्ष)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचनम्; विशेषण/संज्ञा; ‘अक्ष’ (इन्द्रिय/नेत्र) उपपदेन ‘प्रति’ उपसर्गार्थसमासः—इन्द्रियगोचरम्

Entities Mentioned

• inspector/ruler (implied)

More Details

FAQs

What administrative practice corresponds to 'svayaṃ dṛṣṭam'?

On-site inspection or firsthand review (e.g., personal audits, spot checks) rather than relying only on reports.