Sutra 20

Devanagari script

तस्यातिक्रम उत्तमो दण्डः कर्तुः कारयितुश्च कर्मणा व्यापादनेन च ॥ कZ_०४.८.२० ॥

Transliteration

tasyātikrama uttamo daṇḍaḥ kartuḥ kārayituś ca karmaṇā vyāpādanena ca

Translation

Pelanggaran atas pembatasan itu dikenai hukuman tertinggi—baik bagi pelaku maupun bagi yang memerintah/menyebabkan; dan juga bertanggung jawab atas kerugian atau kematian yang terjadi dalam pelaksanaan tindakan itu.

Word by Word

• तस्य: of that / his / thereof
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: षष्ठी-एकवचनम् (पुं/नपुं), सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक

• अतिक्रमः: transgression; violation
• Type: Noun
• Root: अति-क्रम्
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्ग

• उत्तमः: highest; maximum
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उत्तम
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्ग; विशेषणम् (दण्डः इत्यस्य)

• दण्डः: punishment; penalty
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्ग

• कर्तुः: of the doer; of the perpetrator
• Type: Noun (agent noun)
• Root: कर्तृ
• Form: षष्ठी-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्ग

• कारयितुः: of the instigator; of the one who causes (it) to be done
• Type: Noun (causative agent noun)
• Root: कारयितृ (√कृ, णिच्)
• Form: षष्ठी-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्ग

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय

• कर्मणा: by the act; through the deed
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्मन्
• Form: तृतीया-एकवचनम्, नपुंसकलिङ्ग

• व्यापादनेन: by killing; by causing death/destruction
• Type: Noun (action noun)
• Root: व्यापादन
• Form: तृतीया-एकवचनम्, नपुंसकलिङ्ग

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय

Entities Mentioned

• official/actor
• ordering authority
• protected-status persons

More Details

FAQs

What modern governance concept aligns with 4.8.20?

Command responsibility: both the executor and the superior who ordered the act are punishable, especially where abuse results in severe harm or death.