Sutra 12
Devanagari script
वर्णोत्तमानां गुरूणां च हस्तपादलङ्घने राजयानवाहनाद्यारोहणे चैकहस्तपादवधः सप्तशतो वा दण्डः ॥ कZ_०४.१०.१२ ॥
Transliteration
varṇottamānāṃ gurūṇāṃ ca hastapādalaṅghane rājayānavāhanādyārohaṇe caikahastapādavadhaḥ saptaśato vā daṇḍaḥ
Translation
Bagi orang yang melanggar (menyakiti) tangan atau kaki orang berkedudukan lebih tinggi atau para guru, serta bagi yang menaiki kendaraan/hewan tunggangan raja dan sejenisnya tanpa izin—hukumannya pemotongan satu tangan atau satu kaki, atau denda 700 paṇa.
Word by Word
वर्णोत्तमानाम्of the highest varṇas (upper social orders)
वर्णोत्तमानाम्:
TypeNoun (Genitive plural)
Rootवर्ण + उत्तम
Formपुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी बहुवचन; वर्णोत्तम = ‘श्रेष्ठवर्ण’ (उत्तमः वर्णः)
गुरूणाम्of teachers/elders
गुरूणाम्:
TypeNoun (Genitive plural)
Rootगुरु
Formपुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी बहुवचन
चand
च:
TypeParticle
Rootच
Formसमुच्चयार्थक अव्यय
हस्तपादलङ्घनेin the offence of stepping over (someone’s) hands or feet
हस्तपादलङ्घने:
TypeNoun (Locative singular)
Rootहस्त + पाद + लङ्घन
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; सप्तमी एकवचन; अधिकरणे (in the case of…)
राजयानवाहनादि(in relation to) royal vehicles/conveyances and the like
राजयानवाहनादि:
TypeNoun (Locative singular; in compound with following)
Rootराज + यान + वाहन + आदि
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; (समासपद) ‘राजयानवाहनादि-’ = royal conveyances etc.; next word ‘आरोहणे’ governs locative sense
आरोहणेin mounting/boarding (them)
आरोहणे:
TypeVerbal noun (Locative singular)
Rootआ + रुह् (रुहँ)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; सप्तमी एकवचन; कृदन्त-भाववाचक (आरोहण = mounting/boarding)
चand
च:
TypeParticle
Rootच
Formसमुच्चयार्थक अव्यय
एकहस्तपादवधःamputation of one hand or one foot
एकहस्तपादवधः:
TypeNoun (Nominative singular)
Rootएक + हस्त + पाद + वध
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; दण्डविधानरूपेण विधेय (the prescribed punishment)
सप्तशतःseven hundred (as a fine amount)
सप्तशतः:
TypeNumeral (Nominative singular)
Rootसप्त + शत
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; विकल्पदण्डे (as alternative)
वाor
वा:
TypeParticle
Rootवा
Formविकल्पार्थक अव्यय (or)
दण्डःpunishment/penalty (fine)
दण्डः:
TypeNoun (Nominative singular)
Rootदण्ड
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; दण्डवाचक
Entities Mentioned
H
higher-status persons (varṇottama)T
teachers (guru)K
king (rājan)R
royal vehicles/animals (rājayāna/vāhana)FAQs
It protects symbols and instruments of sovereignty (state assets) and deters casual encroachment on royal prerogatives, using either corporal punishment or a substantial fine.