Sutra 25

Devanagari script

पृथग्भूतो मिथ्यावादी चैषामुत्तमं दण्डं दद्यात् ॥ कZ_०२.७.२५ ॥

Transliteration

pṛthagbhūto mithyāvādī caiṣām uttamaṃ daṇḍaṃ dadyāt

Translation

Jika salah seorang dari mereka bertindak sendiri (di luar proses kolektif) dan terbukti berkata bohong, hendaknya ia dijatuhi hukuman tertinggi.

Word by Word

• पृथग्भूतः: one who is separated/kept apart
• Type: Adjective (Past participle used adjectivally)
• Root: भू
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्गः; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (भूत) विशेषणम्

• मिथ्यावादी: a liar; one who speaks falsely
• Type: Noun/Adjective (agent noun)
• Root: वद्
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्गः; वादी-प्रत्ययान्त (agent: ‘speaker’)

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्ययम्

• एषाम्: of these
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम्
• Form: षष्ठी-बहुवचनम् (genitive plural)

• उत्तमम्: the highest; the maximum
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उत्तम
• Form: द्वितीया-एकवचनम्, नपुंसकलिङ्गः; ‘दण्डम्’ इति विशेषणम्

• दण्डम्: punishment; penalty
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड
• Form: द्वितीया-एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्गः; कर्मपदम्

• दद्यात्: should give/award/impose
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुषः, एकवचनम्; ‘(राजा/न्यायाधीशः) दद्यात्’ = should impose/give

Entities Mentioned

• officials involved in audit/reporting

More Details

FAQs

What is the governance logic behind punishing ‘pṛthagbhūta’ conduct?

Acting outside the collective, documented workflow creates opportunities for unilateral manipulation; combining that with falsehood triggers a severe sanction to protect chain-of-custody and auditability.