Arthashastra — Adhyakshaprachara, Sutra 20
Devanagari script
ततः सारपादेन स्थलव्यवहारमध्वना क्षेमेण प्रयोजयेत् ॥ कZ_०२.१६.२० ॥
Transliteration
tataḥ sārapādena sthalavyavahāram adhvanā kṣemeṇa prayojayet
Translation
Setelah itu, ia harus menjalankan transaksi darat melalui agen yang tepercaya dan melalui rute yang aman, dengan keselamatan terjamin.
Word by Word
ततःthereafter; then
ततः:
TypePronoun/Adverb
Rootतद्
Formअव्यय; तस्मात्/ततः = ‘thereafter/from that (point)’
सारपादेनby means of a ‘sārapāda’ (pace/footstep-based measurer/guide)
सारपादेन:
TypeNoun
Rootसारपाद
Formपुंलिङ्ग; तृतीया-एकवचन; करण (instrumental): ‘by/with a sārapāda’
स्थलव्यवहारम्overland movement/traffic (land-route operations)
स्थलव्यवहारम्:
TypeNoun
Rootव्यवहार
Formपुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-एकवचन; कर्म: स्थलस्य व्यवहारः = ‘land-route traffic/overland movement’
अध्वनाby/along the route; by the road
अध्वना:
TypeNoun
Rootअध्वन्
Formपुंलिङ्ग; तृतीया-एकवचन; करण: ‘by the route/along the road’
क्षेमेणsafely; with security
क्षेमेण:
TypeNoun
Rootक्षेम
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग; तृतीया-एकवचन; करण: ‘safely/with security’
प्रयोजयेत्he should arrange/put into operation; should cause (it) to be carried out
प्रयोजयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-युज्
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; causative sense in context: ‘should cause to be carried out/should arrange’
Entities Mentioned
T
trusted agent (sārapāda)O
overland route (adhvan)FAQs
Overland routes are vulnerable to theft, extortion, and collusion; a vetted agent reduces operational and fiduciary risk.
Route security (kṣema) is treated as a prerequisite for executing trade, not an afterthought.