Sutra 18

Devanagari script

परविषये तु पण्यप्रतिपण्ययोरर्घं मूल्यं चागमय्य शुल्कवर्तन्यातिवाहिकगुल्मतरदेयभक्तभागव्ययशुद्धमुदयं पश्येत् ॥ कZ_०२.१६.१८ ॥

Transliteration

paraviṣaye tu paṇyapratipaṇyayor arghaṃ mūlyaṃ cāgamayya śulkavartanyātivāhikagulmataradeyabhaktabhāgavyayaśuddham udayaṃ paśyet

Translation

Di wilayah lain, setelah memastikan harga pasar dan harga pokok barang serta barang penukar, ia harus menilai pendapatan bersih—setelah dikurangi bea cukai, pungutan jalan, biaya angkut, biaya pos jaga, biaya penyeberangan/ferry, pembayaran yang harus dibayar, jatah ransum, bagian/komisi, dan pengeluaran lainnya.

Word by Word

• परविषये: in a foreign territory/market
• Type: Noun
• Root: पर-विषय
• Form: सप्तमी एकवचन (अधिकरण)

• तु: but/indeed
• Type: Particle
• Root: तु
• Form: निपात (विरोध/विशेषार्थ)

• पण्यप्रतिपण्ययोः: of (or in the case of) the commodity and the counter-commodity
• Type: Noun
• Root: पण्य-प्रतिपण्य
• Form: षष्ठी/सप्तमी द्विवचन (संदर्भे: ‘of/in the case of goods and counter-goods’)

• अर्घम्: the assessed value/valuation
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्घ
• Form: द्वितीया एकवचन (कर्म)

• मूल्यम्: the price (market price)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मूल्य
• Form: द्वितीया एकवचन (कर्म)

• च: and
• Type: Conjunction
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक अव्यय

• आगमय्य: having ascertained (by inquiry/verification)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ√गम्
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), परस्मैपदी; ‘having ascertained/caused to be known’

• शुल्कवर्तन्यातिवाहिकगुल्मतरदेयभक्तभागव्ययशुद्धम्: net of customs duty, road/route toll, transport charges, guard-post levies, ferry charges, other dues, rations, shares/commissions, and expenses
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शुल्क-वर्तनी-अतिवाहिक-गुल्म-तर-देय-भक्त-भाग-व्यय-शुद्ध
• Form: द्वितीया एकवचन नपुंसकलिङ्ग (उदयम् विशेषयति)

• उदयम्: the net proceeds (profit)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उदय
• Form: द्वितीया एकवचन (कर्म)

• पश्येत्: should examine/should determine
• Type: Verb
• Root: √पश्
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपदी, प्रथमपुरुष एकवचन

Entities Mentioned

• traders/state trade agent (implied)
• customs authority
• guard posts (gulma)
• ferry/transport services

More Details

FAQs

What is the governance innovation in this verse?

A structured ‘net revenue’ calculation that forces officials to account for all tolls and logistics costs before deciding on inter-regional trade.

Why list so many cost items explicitly?

To prevent hidden leakages, double-charging, or optimistic reporting; it standardizes evaluation across routes and officials.