HomeVamana PuranaAdh. 12Shloka 16
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Vamana Purana — Karmic Causes of Narakas, Shloka 16

Karmic Causes of Narakas and the Irremediability of Ingratitude (Kṛtaghna-doṣa)

गोब्राह्णणाग्नयः स्पृष्टा यैरुच्छिष्टैः क्षपाचर क्षिप्यन्ते हि करास्तेषां तप्तसुम्भे सुदारुणे

gobrāhṇaṇāgnayaḥ spṛṣṭā yairucchiṣṭaiḥ kṣapācara kṣipyante hi karāsteṣāṃ taptasumbhe sudāruṇe

हे क्षपाचर! जिनके उच्छिष्ट-दोष से गौ, ब्राह्मण या पवित्र अग्नि स्पर्शित हो जाए, उनके हाथ अत्यन्त भयानक तप्त कड़ाह में डाले जाते हैं।

go-brāhmaṇa-agnayaḥcows, brāhmaṇas, and sacred fires
go-brāhmaṇa-agnayaḥ:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootgo (प्रातिपदिक) + brāhmaṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + agni (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्वः (cows, brāhmaṇas, and fires)
spṛṣṭāḥtouched/defiled by touch
spṛṣṭāḥ:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeVerb
Root√spṛś (धातु) → spṛṣṭa (कृदन्त, क्त)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural; past passive participle (क्त), agreeing with go-brāhmaṇa-agnayaḥ
yaiḥby whom
yaiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural; relative pronoun
ucchiṣṭaiḥwith leftovers/impurity
ucchiṣṭaiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootucchiṣṭa (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त)
FormNeuter, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural; ‘leftover/impure (food remnants)’
kṣapā-caraO night-roamer (rākṣasa)
kṣapā-cara:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootkṣapā (प्रातिपदिक) + cara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular; समासः—क्षपायां चरः (tatpuruṣa)
kṣipyanteare thrown
kṣipyante:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√kṣip (धातु)
FormLaṭ (Present/लट्), Ātmanepada, 3rd Person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural; passive/reflexive sense ‘are thrown’
hiindeed/for
hi:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निश्चय/हेतु)
karāḥhands
karāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootkara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural
teṣāmof them
teṣām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Plural; demonstrative pronoun
tapta-sumbhein a heated furnace/cauldron
tapta-sumbhe:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Roottapta (कृदन्त, √tap + क्त) + sumbha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; समासः—तप्तः सुम्भः (heated furnace/cauldron)
su-dāruṇevery dreadful
su-dāruṇe:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsu (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + dāruṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; adjective qualifying tapta-sumbhe
Not specified in the provided excerpt (likely within the Pulastya–Nārada dialogue framework typical of the Purāṇabut not confirmable from these verses alone)
Yama (implied via hell-punishment context)
DharmaŚauca (purity rules)Karma and retributionRitual propriety

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FAQs

Ritual and ethical discipline are treated as inseparable: careless impurity (ucchiṣṭa) becomes a moral fault when it pollutes protected sanctities—cow, brahmin, and sacrificial fire—thus generating severe karmic consequences.

This is not sarga/pratisarga/vaṃśa material; it aligns best with dharma-nirdeśa embedded within the Purāṇic narrative stream, i.e., an ethical-ritual instruction segment ancillary to vaṃśānucarita/ākhyāna sections.

Hands symbolize agency and action; the punishment targeting hands teaches that impure actions (especially those violating sacred boundaries) deform the doer’s very capacity to act, reflecting a karmic ‘fit’ between deed and result.