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Shloka 17

Ārjava, Satya, and the Virocana–Sudhanvan Exemplum

Udyoga-parva 35

नानर्थक॑ सान्त्वयति प्रतिज्ञाय ददाति च । रन्ध्रं परस्थ जानाति य: स मध्यमपूरुष:,जो झूठी सान्त्वना नहीं देता, देनेकी प्रतिज्ञा करके दे ही देता है, दूसरोंके दोषोंको जानता है, वह मध्यम श्रेणीका पुरुष है

nānarthakaḥ sāntvayati pratijñāya dadāti ca | randhraṃ parastha jānāti yaḥ sa madhyamapūruṣaḥ ||

जो व्यर्थ की सान्त्वना नहीं देता, देने की प्रतिज्ञा करके देता ही है, और दूसरों के दोष-छिद्रों को जानता है—वही मध्यम श्रेणी का पुरुष कहलाता है।

nanot
na:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna
anarthakamin vain; fruitlessly
anarthakam:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootanarthaka
Formneuter, accusative, singular
sāntvayaticonsoles; placates
sāntvayati:
TypeVerb
Rootsāntvay (causative of √sāntv / √sāntvay)
Formpresent, 3, singular, parasmaipada
pratijñāyahaving promised
pratijñāya:
TypeVerb
Rootprati-√jñā
Formlyap (absolutive/gerund), active
dadātigives
dadāti:
TypeVerb
Root√dā
Formpresent, 3, singular, parasmaipada
caand
ca:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca
randhramflaw; weak point; defect
randhram:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootrandhra
Formneuter, accusative, singular
parasyaof another (person)
parasya:
TypeAdjective
Rootpara
Formmasculine, genitive, singular
jānātiknows; understands
jānāti:
TypeVerb
Root√jñā
Formpresent, 3, singular, parasmaipada
yaḥwho
yaḥ:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootyad
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
saḥhe
saḥ:
Karta
TypePronoun
Roottad
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
madhyama-pūruṣaḥa middling man; man of the middle rank
madhyama-pūruṣaḥ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootmadhyama + pūruṣa
Formmasculine, nominative, singular

हंस उवाच

हंस (Haṃsa)

Educational Q&A

Ethical speech and reliability: do not soothe others with hollow words; if you promise, fulfill it by giving; and be perceptive about others’ weaknesses—this combination marks a ‘middle-grade’ person in the text’s moral classification.

Haṃsa is describing standards of human character by listing observable traits. Here he defines the ‘madhyama’ (middling) type through practical virtues—non-deceptive consolation, promise-keeping, and awareness of others’ faults or vulnerabilities.