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Shloka 34

Varṇa-dharma and Rājadharma: Yudhiṣṭhira’s Inquiry and Bhīṣma’s Normative Outline (वर्णधर्म-राजधर्म-प्रश्नोत्तरम्)

अमात्यरक्षा प्रणिधी राजपुत्रस्य लक्षणम्‌ | चारश्न विविधोपाय: प्रणिधेय: पृथग्विध:

amātya-rakṣā praṇidhī rāja-putrasya lakṣaṇam | cāraś ca vividha-upāyaḥ praṇidheyaḥ pṛthag-vidhaḥ ||

भीष्म बोले—नीतिशास्त्र में मन्त्रियों की रक्षा, प्रणिधि (विश्वस्त दूत/अधिकारी), राजपुत्र के लक्षण, गुप्तचरों के संचालन के विविध उपाय तथा भिन्न-भिन्न स्थानों में भिन्न प्रकार के गुप्तचरों की नियुक्ति—इन सबका विधान है; और साम, दान, भेद, दण्ड तथा उपेक्षा—इन पाँच उपायों का भी पूर्ण प्रतिपादन किया गया है।

अमात्यरक्षाprotection of ministers
अमात्यरक्षा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअमात्य-रक्षा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
प्रणिधीagents/commissioners (envoys, officers)
प्रणिधी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रणिधि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
राजपुत्रस्यof the prince
राजपुत्रस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootराजपुत्र
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
लक्षणम्characteristic/mark
लक्षणम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलक्षण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
चाराःspies
चाराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootचार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विविधोपायःvarious means/strategies
विविधोपायः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविविध-उपाय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रणिधेयःto be appointed/placed (to be deployed)
प्रणिधेयः:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्र-नि-धा (धातु) → प्रणिधेय (gerundive)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पृथग्विधःof separate kinds; in different forms
पृथग्विधः:
TypeAdjective
Rootपृथक्-विध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
A
amātya (ministers)
R
rāja-putra (prince)
C
cāra (spies)
P
praṇidhi (envoy/agent)

Educational Q&A

A king’s stability depends on disciplined governance: protect ministers from enemy influence, deploy reliable envoys/operatives, recognize the qualities of a capable prince, and maintain a well-structured intelligence network. Policy should be applied through the five classical means—conciliation, inducement, division, punishment, and strategic non-engagement—according to context.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhīṣma continues advising Yudhiṣṭhira on practical kingship. Here he summarizes key topics of political science: ministerial security, appointment of agents and spies, criteria for a prince, and the systematic use of the five upāyas in administration and diplomacy.