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Shloka 5

कृष्णेन अर्जुनस्य प्रोत्साहनम् — Kṛṣṇa’s Exhortation to Arjuna

Prelude to Karṇa’s Slaying

नागान्‌ नागा: समासाद्य व्यधमन्त परस्परम्‌ । हया हयांश्व॒ समरे रथिनो रथिनस्तथा

sañjaya uvāca | nāgān nāgāḥ samāsādya vyadhamanta parasparam | hayā hayaṃś ca samare rathino rathinas tathā | nāgāś ca samare yuddhaṃ mamṛduḥ śīghragā nṛpa |

संजय बोले—हाथी हाथियों से भिड़कर एक-दूसरे को पीड़ित करने लगे। रणभूमि में घोड़े घोड़ों से, रथी रथियों से टकराए; और वेगवान हाथी, हे नरेश्वर, युद्ध के कोलाहल में शत्रु-सेना को रौंदते और कुचलते चले। इस प्रकार संग्राम में सेना के सब अंग अपने-अपने प्रतिद्वन्द्वी से उलझ पड़े और क्रुद्ध महागज अन्य दलों पर भी टूट पड़े।

नागान्elephants
नागान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनाग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
नागाःelephants
नागाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनाग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
समासाद्यhaving approached/encountered
समासाद्य:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-√सद्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage), Non-finite
व्यधमन्तthey struck/harassed
व्यधमन्त:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवि-√धम्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
परस्परम्mutually, one another
परस्परम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपरस्पर
हयाःhorses
हयाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
हयान्horses
हयान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootहय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
समरेin battle
समरे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसमर
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
रथिनःchariot-warriors
रथिनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरथिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
रथिनःchariot-warriors
रथिनः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरथिन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
तथाlikewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
नागाःelephants
नागाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनाग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
समरेin battle
समरे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसमर
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
ममृदुःthey crushed/trampled
ममृदुः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Root√मृद्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
शीघ्रगाःswift-moving (ones)
शीघ्रगाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशीघ्रग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
नृपO king
नृप:
TypeNoun
Rootनृप
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
N
nṛpa (Dhṛtarāṣṭra, implied addressee)
N
nāga (war-elephants)
H
haya (horses)
R
rathin (chariot-warriors)
S
samara (battlefield)

Educational Q&A

The verse primarily functions as vivid battlefield reportage rather than moral instruction: it underscores how war collapses order into mutual harm, where even the organized ‘fourfold army’ (elephants, chariots, cavalry, infantry) becomes a scene of indiscriminate crushing and reciprocal suffering.

Sañjaya describes the clash of the opposing armies: elephants collide with elephants, horses with horses, and chariot-fighters with chariot-fighters, while swift elephants trample and crush troops amid the tumult of the fight.