Shloka 17
कृष्णोपदेशः, अर्जुनस्य क्षमा-याचनम्, कर्णवध-अनुज्ञा
Krishna’s Counsel, Arjuna’s Apology, and Authorization for Karṇa’s Slaying
Devanagari script
हाहाकारस्ततस्तीव्र: सम्बभूव जनेश्वर
Transliteration
hāhākāras tatastīvraḥ sambabhūva janeśvara
Translation
संजय ने कहा: तब, हे नराधिप, तीव्र हाहाकार उठ खड़ा हुआ—जनसमूह में भय, शोक और धर्म-संकोच का उफान छा गया।
Word by Word
हाहाकारःa cry of lamentation; uproar
हाहाकारः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहाहाकार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ततःthen; thereafter
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
तीव्रःintense; fierce
तीव्रः:
TypeAdjective
Rootतीव्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सम्बभूवarose; came to be
सम्बभूव:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPerfect (Liṭ), Third, Singular
जन-ईश्वरO lord of men (king)
जन-ईश्वर:
TypeNoun
Rootजन + ईश्वर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Characters & Entities
S
SañjayaD
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by address janeśvara)T
the people/armies (jana)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
The verse highlights the immediate human cost of war: beyond strategy and heroism, violence produces collective anguish and moral disquiet, expressed as a communal cry of distress.
Sañjaya reports to King Dhṛtarāṣṭra that, after a significant and frightening turn in the battle, an intense uproar of lamentation breaks out among the assembled people/warriors.