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Shloka 42

द्रोणकर्णयोः निशि संप्रहारः — Night Engagement with Droṇa and Karṇa

दुर्योधनश्व कर्णश्र वृषसेनो5थ मद्रराट्‌,दुर्योधन, कर्ण, वृषसेन, मद्रराज शल्य, अअश्व॒त्थामा, कृपाचार्य तथा स्वयं सिंधुराज जयद्रथ--इन सबने जयद्रथकी रक्षाके लिये संनद्ध होकर किरीटधारी अर्जुनको सब ओरसे घेर लिया

sañjaya uvāca | duryodhanaś ca karṇaś ca vṛṣasenaḥ atha madrarāṭ śalyaḥ aśvatthāmā kṛpācāryas tathā svayaṃ sindhurājo jayadrathaḥ | ete sarve jayadrathasya rakṣārthaṃ sannaddhāḥ kirīṭadhāriṇam arjunaṃ sarvataḥ paryavārayamāsuḥ ||

संजय बोले—दुर्योधन और कर्ण, वृषसेन तथा मद्रराज शल्य, अश्वत्थामा और कृपाचार्य, और स्वयं सिंधुराज जयद्रथ—ये सब जयद्रथ की रक्षा के लिए संनद्ध होकर, किरीटधारी अर्जुन को चारों ओर से घेरने लगे।

दुर्योधनःDuryodhana
दुर्योधनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्योधन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कर्णःKarna
कर्णः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकर्ण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वृषसेनःVrishasena
वृषसेनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवृषसेन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अथthen/also
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
मद्रराट्the king of Madra (Shalya)
मद्रराट्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमद्रराट्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शल्यःShalya
शल्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशल्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अश्वत्थामाAshvatthama
अश्वत्थामा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअश्वत्थामन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कृपाचार्यःKripa, the teacher
कृपाचार्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकृपाचार्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाlikewise/also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
स्वयम्himself
स्वयम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वयम्
सिन्धुराजःthe king of Sindhu
सिन्धुराजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसिन्धुराज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जयद्रथःJayadratha
जयद्रथः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजयद्रथ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एतेthese (all)
एते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
जयद्रथस्यof Jayadratha
जयद्रथस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootजयद्रथ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
रक्षार्थम्for (the) protection
रक्षार्थम्:
TypeNoun
Rootरक्षा + अर्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
संनद्धाःarmed/fully prepared
संनद्धाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसंनद्ध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
भूत्वाhaving become
भूत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormAbsolutive (Gerund)
किरीटिनम्the diadem-wearer (Arjuna)
किरीटिनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकिरीटिन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अर्जुनम्Arjuna
अर्जुनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअर्जुन
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
सर्वतःfrom all sides
सर्वतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसर्वतः
पर्यवारयन्they surrounded/encircled
पर्यवारयन्:
TypeVerb
Rootवृ (वरणे) उपसर्ग: परि + अव
FormImperfect, Third, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Duryodhana
K
Karṇa
V
Vṛṣasena
Ś
Śalya (king of Madra)
A
Aśvatthāmā
K
Kṛpācārya (Kṛpa)
J
Jayadratha (Sindhu king)
A
Arjuna (Kirīṭadhārī)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the ethical tension of kṣatriya warfare: loyalty and collective duty to protect an ally can be strategically effective, yet it also escalates violence by concentrating force around a single objective. It frames Arjuna’s challenge as not merely martial but moral—how to fulfill a vow and duty amid a coordinated defense.

Key Kaurava warriors—Duryodhana, Karṇa, Vṛṣasena, Śalya, Aśvatthāmā, Kṛpa, and Jayadratha—arm themselves and form a protective ring around Jayadratha, surrounding Arjuna from all sides to prevent Arjuna from reaching and killing Jayadratha.