Shloka 1
भीष्मविक्रमदर्शनं तथा क्रौञ्चारुणव्यूहविधानम् | Bhīṣma’s Ascendancy and the Organization of the Krauñcāruṇa Formation
२)। अन्त:करणकी शुद्धिसे ही विचार
arjuna uvāca | saṃnyāsasya mahābāho tattvam icchāmi veditum | tyāgasya ca hṛṣīkeśa pṛthak keśiniṣūdana ||
अर्जुन बोले—हे महाबाहो! हे हृषीकेश! हे केशिनिषूदन! मैं संन्यास के तत्त्व को और त्याग के तत्त्व को भी—दोनों को पृथक्-पृथक्—भलीभाँति जानना चाहता हूँ।
अजुन उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse frames the central inquiry of the final chapter: how to distinguish saṃnyāsa (renunciation) from tyāga (relinquishment). It sets up Kṛṣṇa’s clarification that spiritual freedom is not merely abandoning action, but abandoning egoistic ownership and craving for results—so that duty can be performed in purity and alignment with dharma.
On the eve of battle, after hearing many paths and syntheses across earlier chapters, Arjuna seeks a definitive summary. He asks Kṛṣṇa to separate and define two closely related ideals—renunciation and relinquishment—so he can act without confusion, guilt, or attachment, and understand what true spiritual discipline requires amid worldly responsibility.