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Shloka 3

Chapter 43: Tumult of Battle-Sounds and the Proliferation of Dvandva

Paired Engagements

ऊर्ध्वमूलमध:शाखमश्चत्थं प्राहुरव्ययम्‌ । छन्दांसि यस्य पर्णानि यस्तं वेद स वेदवित्‌ ।।

ūrdhva-mūlam adhaḥ-śākham aśvatthaṁ prāhur avyayam | chandāṁsi yasya parṇāni yas taṁ veda sa veda-vit || (gītā 15.1) na rūpam asyeha tathopalabhyate nānto na cādir na ca sampratiṣṭhā | aśvattham enaṁ su-virūḍha-mūlam asaṅga-śastreṇa dṛḍhena chittvā ||

वे उस अव्यय अश्वत्थ-वृक्ष का वर्णन करते हैं जिसकी जड़ ऊपर है और शाखाएँ नीचे; जिसके पत्ते वेद-मंत्र हैं—जो उसे यथार्थ जान लेता है, वही वेदवित् है। पर यहाँ उसका स्वरूप वैसा नहीं पकड़ा जाता: न उसका आदि है, न अंत, न ही कोई दृढ़ प्रतिष्ठा। इसलिए अहंता, ममता और वासनाओं से गहरे जड़ाए इस संसार-रूप अश्वत्थ को दृढ़ वैराग्य-रूप शस्त्र से काटकर, जाल से विरक्त होकर, परम कल्याण की ओर प्रवृत्त होना चाहिए।

ऊर्ध्वupward
ऊर्ध्व:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootऊर्ध्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
मूलम्root
मूलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमूल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अधःdownward/below
अधः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअधस्
शाखम्branch
शाखम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशाखा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
अश्वत्थम्the aśvattha (sacred fig) tree
अश्वत्थम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअश्वत्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्राहुःthey say/declare
प्राहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र+अह्
FormPerfect, Third, Plural
अव्ययम्imperishable
अव्ययम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअव्यय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
छन्दांसिVedic metres/hymns
छन्दांसि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootछन्दस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
यस्यof which/whose
यस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
पर्णानिleaves
पर्णानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपर्ण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तम्that (tree)/it
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वेदknows
वेद:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormPresent, Third, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वेदवित्knower of the Veda
वेदवित्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवेदविद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

अजुन उवाच

A
aśvattha (sacred fig tree, metaphorical world-tree)
C
chandāṁsi (Vedic hymns/meters)
V
Veda

Educational Q&A

Saṁsāra is portrayed as an inverted, impermanent-yet-continuing world-tree whose visible structure cannot be securely grasped as ultimate reality. Freedom requires cutting its deep roots—attachment, egoism, and craving—using the disciplined ‘weapon’ of non-attachment, thereby turning toward liberating knowledge.

In the teaching context of the Gītā, the speaker introduces a vivid metaphor: the aśvattha tree represents worldly existence and its entangling growth. The instruction is practical and ethical-spiritual: recognize the instability of worldly supports and actively sever attachment through firm inner discipline.