Shloka 9
Devanagari script
भीष्मे रथात् प्रपतिते प्रच्युते धरणीतले । हाहेति तुमुलः शब्दो भूतानां समपद्यत
Transliteration
bhīṣme rathāt prapatite pracyute dharaṇītale | hāheti tumulaḥ śabdo bhūtānāṃ samapadyata ||
Translation
संजय बोले—जब भीष्म रथ से गिरकर धरणीतल पर आ पड़े, तब समस्त प्राणियों में “हाय! हाय!” का तुमुल शब्द उठ खड़ा हुआ।
Word by Word
भीष्मेwhen/while Bhishma (was in that state)
भीष्मे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
रथात्from the chariot
रथात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
प्रपतितेhaving fallen down
प्रपतिते:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-√पत्
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
प्रच्युतेhaving slipped/fallen away
प्रच्युते:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-√च्युत्/√च्यु
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
धरणीतलेon the surface of the earth
धरणीतले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootधरणीतल
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
हाहाalas! (cry of distress)
हाहा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहाहा
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
तुमुलःtumultuous, loud
तुमुलः:
TypeAdjective
Rootतुमुल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शब्दःsound, cry
शब्दः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशब्द
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भूतानाम्of beings/creatures
भूतानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootभूत
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
समपद्यतarose, occurred, came about
समपद्यत:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-√पद्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Characters & Entities
S
SañjayaB
BhīṣmaC
chariot (ratha)E
earth/ground (dharaṇī)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
Even in a justly framed struggle, the fall of a dharmic elder exposes the tragic cost of war: society’s moral center trembles, and collective grief arises when righteousness is seen to be wounded.
Sañjaya reports that Bhīṣma has fallen from his chariot onto the ground; witnessing this, all around raise a loud cry of lamentation—an immediate, battlefield-wide reaction to the collapse of the Kuru grandsire.