Shloka 6
प्रतिग्रहभेदः — The Distinction between Giving and Accepting
Vṛṣādarbhī–Saptarṣi Dialogue
Devanagari script
पूर्णे वर्षमहस्रान्ते स कृत्वा दुष्करं तप: । कालधर्मपरीतात्मा निधनं समुपागत:
Transliteration
pūrṇe varṣasahasrānte sa kṛtvā duṣkaraṃ tapaḥ | kāladharmaparītātmā nidhanaṃ samupāgataḥ ||
Translation
भीष्मजी बोले—हजार वर्ष पूर्ण होने पर, उसने दुष्कर तप किया; और काल-धर्म से आवृत होकर अंततः वह निधन को प्राप्त हुआ।
Word by Word
पूर्णेwhen (it was) completed
पूर्णे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootपूर्ण
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
वर्षof a year
वर्ष:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ष
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
सहस्रof a thousand
सहस्र:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसहस्र
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
अन्तेat the end
अन्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअन्त
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कृत्वाhaving done
कृत्वा:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)
दुष्करम्difficult (to do)
दुष्करम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदुष्कर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तपःausterity, penance
तपः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कालby time
काल:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
धर्मby the law/ordained course
धर्म:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
परीतovercome, encompassed
परीत:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि-इ (पर्येति)
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
आत्माself, person
आत्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
निधनम्death, end
निधनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनिधन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
समुपागतःhaving reached, came to
समुपागतः:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-उप-आ-गम्
Formक्त (past active participle usage), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Characters & Entities
B
BhīṣmaK
Kāla (Time)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
Even the most formidable austerity does not exempt one from the dominion of Kāla; the ordained law of Time culminates in death, underscoring impermanence and the limits of human striving.
Bhīṣma reports that after completing a thousand-year period of severe tapas, the person being discussed—overcome by the inevitable course of Time—reaches his end (dies).