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Mahabharata — Anushasana Parva, Shloka 9

Vānaprastha-dharma and Tapas: Śiva–Umā Saṃvāda

Forest-Stage Discipline and Austerity

दशसूनासमं चक्रं दशचक्रसमो ध्वज: । दशध्वजसमा वेश्या दशवेश्यासमो नृप:,दस कसाइयोंके समान एक तेली, दस तेलियोंके समान एक कलवार, दस कलवारोंके समान एक वेश्या और दस वेश्याओंके समान एक राजा है

daśasūnāsamaṃ cakraṃ daśacakrasamo dhvajaḥ | daśadhvajasamā veśyā daśaveśyāsamo nṛpaḥ ||

भीष्म ने कहा—दस कसाइयों के समान एक तेली, दस तेलियों के समान एक कलवार, दस कलवारों के समान एक वेश्या और दस वेश्याओं के समान एक राजा माना गया है।

दशten
दश:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदश
Form—, —, —
सूनासमम्equal to (a) butcher
सूनासमम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसूनासम (सून + सम)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
चक्रम्a wheel; (here) a potter/oilman (by metonymy)
चक्रम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootचक्र
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
दशten
दश:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदश
Form—, —, —
चक्रसमःequal to ten (persons called) चक्र
चक्रसमः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootचक्रसम (चक्र + सम)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ध्वजःbanner; (here) a liquor-seller/distiller (traditional gloss)
ध्वजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootध्वज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दशten
दश:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदश
Form—, —, —
ध्वजसमाःequal to ten (persons called) ध्वज
ध्वजसमाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootध्वजसमा (ध्वज + समा)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
वेश्याःcourtesans/prostitutes
वेश्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवेश्या
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
दशten
दश:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदश
Form—, —, —
वेश्याः-समःequal to ten courtesans
वेश्याः-समः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवेश्यासम (वेश्या + सम)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नृपःking
नृपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनृप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
N
nṛpa (king/ruler)
V
veśyā (prostitute)
C
cakra (trade designation: oilman/oil-press worker)
D
dhvaja (trade designation: commonly glossed as distiller/liquor-seller)
S
sūnā (slaughter/abattoir)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores that the ethical weight of kingship is enormous: a ruler’s actions can affect vast numbers of people, so misuse of power can generate harm on a scale far beyond ordinary occupations. The escalating comparison functions as a warning about accountability in governance.

In the Anuśāsana Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma, including rājadharma. Here he employs a sharp proverbial-style hierarchy to emphasize how grave and far-reaching the consequences of a king’s conduct can be.