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Shloka 16

Devotpatti-nirūpaṇa — Hari’s Pūrṇatva

Completeness) and the Ritual Doctrine of Sāra (Essence

Devanagari script

कल्याणास्ते सारभोक्तार एव नैषां भवेत्तेन दुः खाभिवृद्धिः / भुञ्जन्ति ये वैश्वदेवं विहाय दुष्टांस्तान्वै भुक्तिचिन्त्तांश्च विद्धि

Transliteration

kalyāṇāste sārabhoktāra eva naiṣāṃ bhavettena duḥ khābhivṛddhiḥ / bhuñjanti ye vaiśvadevaṃ vihāya duṣṭāṃstānvai bhukticinttāṃśca viddhi

Translation

जो केवल सार का भोग करते हैं, वे निश्चय ही कल्याणमय हैं; उनके लिए दुःख की वृद्धि का कारण नहीं होता। पर जो वैश्वदेव-हवन/अर्पण को छोड़कर खाते हैं, उन्हें दुष्ट जानो—वे भोजन-भोग की चिंता में ग्रस्त रहते हैं।

Word by Word
कल्याणाःauspicious/fortunate
कल्याणाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootकल्याण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; विशेषण
तेthey
ते:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (pronoun)
सारभोक्तारःenjoyers of the essence
सारभोक्तारः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसार-भोक्तृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष (सारं भोक्तारः)
एवindeed/only
एव:
Avadharana (अवधारण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअवधारण-अव्यय (only/indeed)
नnot
न:
Nishedha (निषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-अव्यय (negation)
एषाम्of these/of them
एषाम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुंसक, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (pronoun)
भवेत्would be/should occur
भवेत्:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootभू (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
तेनthereby/for that reason
तेन:
Hetu/Karana (हेतु/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (करण/हेतु), एकवचन (pronoun)
दुःखाभिवृद्धिःincrease of sorrow
दुःखाभिवृद्धिः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख-अभिवृद्धि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष (दुःखस्य अभिवृद्धिः)
भुञ्जन्तिthey partake/enjoy
भुञ्जन्ति:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootभुज् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथम-पुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद
येwho
ये:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (relative pronoun)
वैश्वदेवम्the Vaiśvadeva offering/rite
वैश्वदेवम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्वदेव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
विहायhaving abandoned
विहाय:
Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवि-हा (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्यय; ‘having abandoned’
दुष्टान्wicked ones
दुष्टान्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootदुष्ट (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; विशेषण (used substantively)
तान्them
तान्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन (pronoun)
वैindeed
वै:
Nishcaya (निश्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै (अव्यय)
Formनिश्चयार्थक अव्यय (indeed)
भुक्तिचिन्तान्those anxious about enjoyment
भुक्तिचिन्तान्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootभुक्ति-चिन्ता (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष (भुक्तेः चिन्ता)
चand
च:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (and)
विद्धिknow (them to be)
विद्धि:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootविद् (धातु)
Formलोट्-लकार (Imperative), मध्यम-पुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in instruction to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Moderation (sāra-bhojana) prevents duḥkha वृद्धि; eating without offering (Vaiśvadeva) is adharma rooted in bhoga-cintā.

Vedantic Theme: Preyas-driven attachment to taste binds; śreyas lies in restraint and offering (yajña-bhāva) that purifies consumption.

Application: Adopt mindful eating: take only what is needed; begin meals with a small offering/prayer and remembrance of shared sustenance.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: raudra

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: household (gṛha)

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 3.14.17 (special rule of Vaiśvadeva); Garuda Purana 3.14.18 (Vishnu as inner enjoyer)

Characters & Entities
V
Vishnu
G
Garuda
D
Devas

FAQs

This verse treats Vaiśvadeva as a required act of dharma that sanctifies eating; neglecting it turns one’s meal into self-centered consumption, generating demerit and future suffering.

It states that moderate, essential eating (sāra-bhoktāraḥ) avoids the growth of duḥkha, while neglecting offerings and eating for pleasure reflects a tamasic mindset that accrues harmful karma.

Eat with restraint, share or offer a portion before eating (as prayer/naivedya/feeding others), and avoid compulsive indulgence—turning meals into gratitude and duty rather than obsession.

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