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Shloka 3

An exposition of varṇa-dharma as taught by Yājñavalkya

Devanagari script

अरोगिणीं भ्रातृमतीमसमानार्षगोत्रजाम् / पञ्चमात्सप्तमादूर्ध्वं मातृतः पितृतस्तथा

Transliteration

arogiṇīṃ bhrātṛmatīmasamānārṣagotrajām / pañcamātsaptamādūrdhvaṃ mātṛtaḥ pitṛtastathā

Translation

उसे ऐसी स्वस्थ कन्या से विवाह करना चाहिए जिसके भाई हों, जो समान ऋषि-गोत्र की न हो, और जो मातृ-पक्ष में पाँचवीं पीढ़ी से ऊपर तथा पितृ-पक्ष में सातवीं पीढ़ी से ऊपर—निषिद्ध संबंध-सीमा से परे हो।

Word by Word
अरोगिणीम्healthy, free from disease (woman)
अरोगिणीम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-रोगिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (कर्म), एकवचन; विशेषण (fem. acc. sg.)
भ्रातृमतीम्having brothers
भ्रातृमतीम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootभ्रातृमत् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण (fem. acc. sg.)
असमानnot same, non-identical
असमान:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-सम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; समासपूर्वपदत्वेन अव्ययवत् (as pre-member)
आर्षṛṣi-related, of seer lineage
आर्ष:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootआर्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसमासपूर्वपद; गोत्रविशेषण (pertaining to ṛṣis)
गोत्रजाम्born of (a) gotra; of gotra lineage
गोत्रजाम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootगोत्र + जा (प्रातिपदिक; √जन् (धातु) से निष्पन्न)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; समासः—गोत्रजा (गोत्रात् जाता)
पञ्चमात्from the fifth (generation)
पञ्चमात्:
Apadana (Source/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootपञ्चम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (अपादान), एकवचन; क्रमवाचक (abl. sg.)
सप्तमात्from the seventh (generation)
सप्तमात्:
Apadana (Source/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootसप्तम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; क्रमवाचक (abl. sg.)
ऊर्ध्वम्upwards; beyond; above
ऊर्ध्वम्:
Adhikarana (Locative sense/अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootऊर्ध्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)
मातृतःon the mother’s side; maternally
मातृतः:
Apadana (Source/अपादान)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमातृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय; तसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त (ablatival adverb)
पितृतःon the father’s side; paternally
पितृतः:
Apadana (Source/अपादान)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय; तसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त (ablatival adverb)
तथाlikewise; also
तथा:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अव्ययपद—समुच्चय/उपमानार्थ (particle: ‘also/likewise’)
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in instruction to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Vivāha-niyama: choosing a bride with health, brothers, different gotra, and outside prohibited kinship degrees (mātṛ/pitṛ sapinda limits).

Vedantic Theme: Dharma as purifier and stabilizer of saṃsāra; order (ṛta/dharma) supports sattva and social harmony.

Application: When arranging marriage, verify gotra/pravara, sapinda degrees (maternal >5, paternal >7), and basic wellbeing/compatibility to avoid prohibited unions.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.95 (vivāha-dharma context)

FAQs

This verse emphasizes dharmic marriage selection: avoiding the same ṛṣi-gotra and avoiding close blood relations (specified by degrees on maternal and paternal lines) to preserve lineage propriety and social-religious order.

Alongside afterlife and ritual teachings, the Garuda Purana also preserves dharma-based household guidance; here it outlines eligibility norms for marriage as part of righteous living (gṛhastha-dharma).

As a general ethical takeaway: prioritize health, compatibility, and responsible family norms; in traditional practice, consult knowledgeable elders/purohitas on gotra and prohibited degrees before marriage.

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