Vyasanadhikarana Adhyaya 4 Sutra 49 - Arthashastra | Hindi | Vedapath

Kautilya

Sutra 49

Devanagari script

ताभ्यां पीडनैर्यथोक्तैश्च पीडितः सक्तो मुख्येषु परिहारोपहतः प्रकीर्णो मिथ्यासंहृतः सामन्ताटवीहृत इति कोशसङ्गवर्गः ॥ कZ_०८.४.४९ ॥

Transliteration

tābhyāṃ pīḍanair yathoktaiś ca pīḍitaḥ sakto mukhyeṣu parihāropahataḥ prakīrṇo mithyāsaṃhṛtaḥ sāmantāṭavīhṛta iti kośasaṅgavargaḥ.

Translation

उन दोनों (आंतरिक और बाह्य) तथा अन्य कथित पीड़नों से पीड़ित होने पर कोष (राजकोष) इस प्रकार ‘कोशसंग’ (फँसाव/समझौता) में पड़ता है: मुख्य स्थानों पर अटक जाता है, छूट/परिहार से क्षतिग्रस्त होता है, बिखर जाता है (असंग्रहित रह जाता है), मिथ्या-संग्रहित होता है (धोखाधड़ी लेखा), या सामंतों और अटवी-लुटेरों द्वारा हर लिया जाता है। यही कोशसंग का वर्गीकरण है।

Word by Word

ताभ्याम्by those two (means/agents)

पीडनैःby pressures/coercive measures

यथोक्तैःas stated (earlier), prescribed

चand

पीडितःpressed/harassed, coerced

सक्तःattached/entangled, stuck

मुख्येषुamong/in the principal (ones/places)

परिहारोपहतःdamaged by remissions/allowances (revenue impaired)

प्रकीर्णःscattered, dispersed

मिथ्याfalsely, wrongly

संहृतःcollected, gathered, withdrawn

सामन्ताटवीहृतःtaken away by feudatories and/or forest (raiders)

इतिthus

कोशसङ्गवर्गःthe category (varga) of treasury-obstructions/entanglements

Entities Mentioned

kośa (treasury)

mukhya (key nodes)

parihāra (remissions/exemptions)

sāmanta (feudatories)

āṭavī (forest raiders)

FAQs

What are the main modes of treasury failure listed?

Bottlenecks at key points, losses from remissions/exemptions, dispersed non-collection, fraudulent collection/accounting, and outright seizure by feudatories/forest raiders.

How does this relate to state capacity?

It links security and administration directly to fiscal performance: disorder and weak controls translate into predictable revenue pathologies.