Sutra 9

Devanagari script

अनभिसरतां द्वादशपणो दण्डः अन्यत्र प्लवहीनेभ्यः ॥ कZ_०४.३.०९ ॥

Transliteration

anabhisaratāṃ dvādaśapaṇo daṇḍaḥ anyatra plavahīnebhyaḥ

Translation

जो सहायता नहीं करते, उन पर बारह पण का दण्ड हो—परन्तु जिनके पास तैरने का साधन नहीं है, वे अपवाद हैं।

Word by Word

• अनभिसरताम्: of those who do not approach/turn up (do not present themselves)
• Type: Verb (participial form used substantively)
• Root: अभि-√सृ (सरणे)
• Form: नकार-प्रत्यययुक्तः वर्तमानकाले कृदन्तः; नञ्-पूर्वकः; शतृ-प्रत्यय (अभिसरत्) → अनभिसरत्; षष्ठी-बहुवचनम् (अनभिसरताम् = of those who do not approach/consort)

• द्वादशपणः: (a fine of) twelve paṇas
• Type: Noun (numeral + measure noun)
• Root: द्वादश + पण
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; प्रथमा-एकवचनम्; ‘दण्डः’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• दण्डः: penalty; fine
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः; प्रथमा-एकवचनम्; विधेयम् (is the penalty/fine)

• अन्यत्र: except; otherwise
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अन्यत्र
• Form: अव्ययम्; अपवाद/अपवादस्थाननिर्देशार्थम् (except/elsewhere)

• प्लवहीनेभ्यः: for those who are without a raft/boat
• Type: Noun/Adjective (bahuvrihi-like adjectival compound used as substantive)
• Root: प्लव + हीन
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे/नपुंसकलिङ्गे बहुवचन-चतुर्थी/पञ्चमी (भ्यस्-प्रत्यय); ‘अन्यत्र …भ्यः’ = except from/except for those lacking a raft/boat

Entities Mentioned

• daṇḍa (penalty)
• paṇa (currency unit)
• plava (float/means)

More Details

FAQs

What policy principle is embedded in the exception clause?

Proportionality and feasibility: the state compels aid but exempts those who cannot safely help due to lack of flotation means.