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Vamana Purana — Vishnu's Sleep (Ashunya-Shayana), Shloka 37

The Caturmasya Observances and the Rite of Vishnu’s Sleep (Aśūnya-Śayana) and Shiva’s Monthly Vows

Devanagari script

सनैवेद्यं च रजतं दातव्यं दानमग्रजे प्रीयतां गवान् स्थासुरिति वाच्यमनिष्ठुरम्

Transliteration

sanaivedyaṃ ca rajataṃ dātavyaṃ dānamagraje prīyatāṃ gavān sthāsuriti vācyamaniṣṭhuram

Translation

હે અગ્રજ! નૈવેદ્ય સાથે રજત (ચાંદી) પણ દાનરૂપે આપવી જોઈએ. કઠોરતા વિના સૌમ્ય વાણીથી કહેવું—‘ગાયો પ્રસન્ન થાઓ અને સ્થિર રહો/નિવાસ કરો.’

Word by Word
स-नैवेद्यम्(gift) along with food offering
स-नैवेद्यम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootsa (अव्यय/सह) + naivedya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; कर्मधारय (naivedyena saha/with offering)
चand
च:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय
रजतम्silver
रजतम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootrajata (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन
दातव्यम्should be given
दातव्यम्:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootdā (दा धातु; कृदन्त)
Formभाव्य/कर्तव्यताप्रत्ययान्त (gerundive), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विधेय (to be given/should be given)
दानम्gift / donation
दानम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootdāna (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन
अग्रजेto the elder (brother)
अग्रजे:
Sampradana (सम्प्रदानम्)
TypeNoun
Rootagraja (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (4th/सम्प्रदान), एकवचन; दान-सम्प्रदान (to the elder/elder brother)
प्रीयताम्may (they) be pleased
प्रीयताम्:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootprī (प्री धातु)
Formलोट् (imperative/benedictive), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन
गवाम्of cows
गवाम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeNoun
Rootgo (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), बहुवचन; ‘गवाम्’ (of cows)
स्थासुःmay (he) remain / abide
स्थासुः:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootsthā (स्था धातु; कृदन्त)
Formपरस्मैपद, लिट्/लुङ्-सम्भाव्य न; अत्र ‘स्थासुः’ = लोट्/आशीर्लिङ्गार्थे 3rd sg परस्मैपद (Vedic/archaic benedictive form) ‘may (he) stand/remain’
इतिthus
इति:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; उद्धरण/वाक्यसमाप्तिसूचक (quotative)
वाच्यम्should be said
वाच्यम्:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (वच् धातु; कृदन्त)
Formकर्तव्यताप्रत्ययान्त (gerundive), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; ‘to be said/should be said’
अनिष्ठुरम्gently / not harshly
अनिष्ठुरम्:
Visheshana (विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootaniṣṭhura (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विशेषण (gentle, not harsh)
Speakers
Dialogue framework not explicit in the provided excerpt (commonly Pulastya → Nārada). The vocative ‘agraja’ indicates address to an elder within the narrative frame.
Primary Deities
Not explicit (focus shifts to dāna and auspicious speech, especially regarding cows).
Key Themes
Dāna (charity)Go-sevā / reverence for cowsMṛdu-vākya (gentle speech) as ritual proprietyVrata completion through gifting
Verse Rasa (Emotional Flavour)

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

FAQs

Ritual observance is perfected by generosity and by ethical demeanor: giving (silver, offerings) and speaking kindly. The verse links dharma to social virtue—charity and non-harsh speech—rather than treating worship as merely technical performance.

This is prescriptive dharma (vrata/dāna and right conduct). It sits outside the core pancalakṣaṇa narrative categories and functions as practical instruction embedded within the Purāṇa.

Silver signifies purity and auspiciousness in gifting; cows represent sustenance, prosperity, and dharmic stability. The instruction to speak ‘aniṣṭhura’ underscores that speech itself is an offering—violence in words can negate ritual merit, while gentle speech sustains it.

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