Mandalabrahmana

- Yoga as a means to brahmavidyā: disciplined meditation culminating in realization of brahman

- Interiorization (pratyāhāra) and centering: withdrawing from sensory “periphery” to the inner “maṇḍala” of awareness

- Mind as the site of bondage: vṛttis

saṅkalpa (constructive thought)

and identification as causes of saṃsāra

- Witness-consciousness (sākṣin): the self-luminous knower distinct from objects and mental states

- Non-dual insight: ātman–brahman non-difference as the final purport of practice

- Transcending the three states: waking

dream

and deep sleep are appearances in consciousness

- Dispassion and ethical restraint: vairāgya and self-control as prerequisites for stable contemplation

- Liberation as recognition (not production): mokṣa as uncovering what is always already present