Shloka 58
Kṛṣṇa at Duryodhana’s House: Refusal of Hospitality and Departure to Vidura (कृष्णस्य धार्तराष्ट्रनिवेशनगमनम्)
निर्वासनं च नगरात् प्रव्रज्या च परंतप । नानाविधानां दुःखानामभिज्ञास्मि जनार्दन
nirvāsanaṁ ca nagarāt pravrajyā ca parantapa | nānāvidhānāṁ duḥkhānām abhijñāsmī janārdana ||
હે પરંતપ જનાર્દન! નગરમાંથી હાંકી કાઢવું અને વનવાસ-ભ્રમણ માટે બાધ્ય કરવું—આવા નાનાપ્રકારના દુઃખોનો હું પ્રત્યક્ષ અનુભવ કરી ચૂકી છું।
वैशम्पायन उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse foregrounds lived experience of adversity: banishment and enforced wandering are presented as concrete forms of duḥkha. Ethically, it underscores endurance and moral clarity amid injustice—suffering is not abstract but personally borne, shaping one’s resolve and discernment in dharma.
In the Udyoga Parva’s lead-up to war, the speaker recalls the hardships already endured—expulsion from the city and the compelled life of exile—addressing Janārdana (Kṛṣṇa) and invoking epithets like parantapa to frame the gravity of past wrongs and the emotional-moral weight behind the impending decisions.