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Shloka 29

Udyoga-parva Adhyāya 28: Dharmādharmalakṣaṇa in Āpad

Crisis-Discernment of Right and Wrong

यदा गृध्येत्‌ परभूतौ नृशंसो विधिप्रकोपाद्‌ बलमाददान: । ततो राज्ञामभवद्‌ युद्धमेतत्‌ तत्र जात॑ वर्म शस्त्र धनुश्च,जब कोई क्रूर मनुष्य दूसरेकी धन-सम्पत्तिमें लालच रखकर उसे ले लेनेकी इच्छा करता है और विधाताके कोपसे (परपीडनके लिये) सेना-संग्रह करने लगता है, उस समय राजाओंमें युद्धका अवसर उपस्थित होता है। इस युद्धके लिये ही कवच, अस्त्र-शस्त्र और धनुषका आविष्कार हुआ है इति श्रीमहाभारते उद्योगपर्वणि सञ्जययानपर्वणि कृष्णवाक्ये एकोनत्रिंशो 5ध्याय:

yadā gṛdhyet parabhūtau nṛśaṁso vidhiprakopād balam ādadānaḥ | tato rājñām abhavad yuddham etat tatra jātaṁ varma śastra dhanuś ca ||

જ્યારે કોઈ નિર્દય માણસ બીજાની ધન-સંપત્તિ પર લોભ રાખીને, વિધાતાના કોપથી પ્રેરાઈ, પરપીડન માટે બળ એકત્ર કરવા લાગે છે, ત્યારે રાજાઓમાં યુદ્ધનો અવસર ઊભો થાય છે. આ યુદ્ધ માટે જ કવચ, અસ્ત્ર-શસ્ત્ર અને ધનુષ્યનો આવિર્ભાવ થયો—આ બધું સંઘર્ષ અને લોભની જ ઉપજ છે.

यदाwhen
यदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
गृध्येत्would covet / becomes greedy
गृध्येत्:
TypeVerb
Rootगृध्
FormVidhi-linga, present (potential/optative sense), 3, singular, Parasmaipada
परभूतौin another's prosperity/wealth
परभूतौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपरभूति
Formfeminine, locative, singular
नृशंसःa cruel man
नृशंसः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनृशंस
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
विधि-प्रकोपात्from fate's/ordainer's wrath
विधि-प्रकोपात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootविधिप्रकोप
Formmasculine, ablative, singular
बलम्army/force
बलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबल
Formneuter, accusative, singular
आददानःtaking/collecting
आददानः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootआ-दा
Formpresent active participle (शतृ), masculine, nominative, singular, active
ततःthen/thereupon
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
राज्ञाम्of kings
राज्ञाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
Formmasculine, genitive, plural
अभवत्arose/occurred
अभवत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormLan, imperfect (past), 3, singular, Parasmaipada
युद्धम्war
युद्धम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
Formneuter, nominative, singular
एतत्this
एतत्:
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
Formneuter, nominative, singular
तत्रthere/in that context
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
जातम्arisen/produced
जातम्:
TypeVerb
Rootजन्
Formpast passive participle (क्त), neuter, nominative, singular, passive
वर्मarmor
वर्म:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवर्मन्
Formneuter, nominative, singular
शस्त्रम्weapon
शस्त्रम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशस्त्र
Formneuter, nominative, singular
धनुःbow
धनुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधनुस्
Formneuter, nominative, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

वायुदेव उवाच

V
Vāyudeva (speaker)
K
kings (rājānaḥ)
A
armor (varma)
W
weapons (śastra)
B
bow (dhanuḥ)
A
army/force (bala)

Educational Q&A

War is portrayed as arising when ruthless greed targets another’s wealth and power is amassed for oppression; weapons and armor are thus framed as products of moral failure and conflict rather than ideals in themselves.

Vāyudeva explains to the listener(s) a causal chain: covetousness and cruelty lead a person to gather an army under the pressure of destiny’s wrath, which then creates a situation where kings go to war; the verse concludes by linking the very invention/appearance of martial equipment to such warfare.