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Shloka 17

राजवृत्त-रक्षा-प्रणिधि-षाड्गुण्योपदेशः

Royal Conduct, Protection, Intelligence, and Policy Measures

पतेद्‌ बहुविध॑ शस्त्र बहुधा धर्मचारिषु । अधर्म: प्रगृूहीत: स्थाद्‌ यदि राजा न पालयेत्‌,यदि राजा रक्षा न करे तो धर्मात्मा पुरुषोंपर बारंबार नाना प्रकारके अस्त्र-शस्त्रोंकी मार पड़े और विवश होकर लोगोंको अधर्मका मार्ग ग्रहण करना पड़े

pated bahuvidhaṁ śastraṁ bahudhā dharmacāriṣu | adharmaḥ pragṛhītaḥ syād yadi rājā na pālayet ||

જો રાજા રક્ષા ન કરે, તો ધર્માચારી લોકો પર વારંવાર નાનાં પ્રકારનાં શસ્ત્રો વરસે; અને લાચાર બનીને લોકોને અધર્મનો માર્ગ અપનાવવો પડે।

पतेत्may fall / should fall
पतेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootपत्
FormVidhi-linga, Present (injunctive sense), 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
बहुविधम्of many kinds
बहुविधम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootबहुविध
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
शस्त्रम्weapon
शस्त्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशस्त्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
बहुधाin many ways / repeatedly
बहुधा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootबहुधा
धर्मचारिषुamong those who practice dharma
धर्मचारिषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मचारिन्
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
अधर्मःunrighteousness / adharma
अधर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रगृहीतःis taken up / adopted
प्रगृहीतः:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-ग्रह्
FormPast Passive Participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
स्यात्would be / may be
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormVidhi-linga, Present, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पालयेत्should protect / maintain
पालयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootपाल्
FormVidhi-linga, Present, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada

वसुमना उवाच

V
Vasumanā
R
rājā (the king)
Ś
śastra (weapons)
D
dharmacāri (practitioners of dharma)
A
adharma

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that the king’s primary duty is protection and just governance; when this duty fails, even the righteous suffer violence and society is pushed toward adharma out of necessity.

In the Shanti Parva’s discussion on rajadharma, Vasumanā argues that neglect by the ruler creates insecurity: weapons and harm fall upon dharma-abiding people, and the breakdown of protection compels people to adopt unrighteous means to survive.