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Shloka 48

Jarā-Mṛtyu-anatikrama: Janaka–Pañcaśikha-saṃvāda

Aging and Death Cannot Be Overstepped

बुद्धमप्रतिबुद्धत्वाद्‌ बुध्यमानं च तत्त्वतः । बुध्यमानं च बुद्ध च प्राहुयोगनिदर्शनम्‌,जो नित्य ज्ञानसम्पन्न परब्रह्म परमात्मा है, वही बुद्ध है तथा जो परमात्मतत्त्वको न जाननेके कारण जिकज्ञासु जीवात्मा है, उसकी “बुध्यमान' संज्ञा होती है। इस प्रकार योगके सिद्धान्तके अनुसार बुद्ध (नित्य ज्ञानसम्पन्न परमात्मा) और बुध्यमान (जिज्ञासु जीव)--ये दो चेतन माने गये हैं

buddham apratibuddhatvād budhyamānaṃ ca tattvataḥ | budhyamānaṃ ca buddhaṃ ca prāhur yoga-nidarśanam ||

વસિષ્ઠે કહ્યું—અપ્રતિબુદ્ધત્વ (અજ્ઞાન)ને કારણે એકને ‘બુધ્યમાન’ કહેવામાં આવે છે; અને તત્ત્વતઃ જે સંપૂર્ણ જાગૃત છે તે ‘બુદ્ધ’ કહેવાય છે. યોગના ઉપદેશમાં સિદ્ધાંત દર્શાવવા માટે ‘બુધ્યમાન’ અને ‘બુદ્ધ’—આ બે દર્શાવવામાં આવ્યા છે.

बुद्धम्the awakened/knower (Buddha)
बुद्धम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबुद्ध (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √बुध्)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अप्रतिबुद्धत्वात्because of non-awakening / lack of realization
अप्रतिबुद्धत्वात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootअ-प्रतिबुद्ध-त्व (प्रातिपदिक; त्व-प्रत्यय)
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
बुध्यमानम्the one who is coming to know / the inquirer
बुध्यमानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबुध्यमान (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √बुध्, शानच्)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तत्त्वतःin truth / truly
तत्त्वतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्त्वतस्
बुध्यमानम्the one who is coming to know / the inquirer
बुध्यमानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबुध्यमान (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √बुध्, शानच्)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
बुद्धम्the awakened/knower (Buddha)
बुद्धम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबुद्ध (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √बुध्)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
प्राहुःthey have said / they declare
प्राहुः:
TypeVerb
Root√अह् (ब्रू/अह्; परोक्ष-लिट्)
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
योगनिदर्शनम्an illustration/teaching of yoga
योगनिदर्शनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootयोग-निदर्शन (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

वसिष्ठ उवाच

V
Vasiṣṭha

Educational Q&A

The verse distinguishes two states of consciousness used in Yoga teaching: (1) buddha—fully awakened, ever-established in knowledge (identified in the Gita Press gloss with the Supreme Self/Paramātman), and (2) budhyamāna—the individual who, due to ignorance, is still in the process of awakening through inquiry and realization. The point is to frame liberation as a movement from non-awakening to full knowledge.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on peace and higher wisdom, Vasiṣṭha is teaching a metaphysical distinction to clarify the Yoga standpoint: the realized principle and the seeker are spoken of separately for pedagogical purposes, showing how spiritual practice and discernment culminate in awakening.