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Shloka 53

अव्यक्त-गुण-पुरुषविवेकः | Avyakta, Guṇas, and Discrimination of Puruṣa

अतपास्तप आत्मानमगतिग्गतिमात्मन: । अभवो भवमात्मानमभयो भयमात्मन:

atapās tapa ātmānam agatiṁ gatim ātmanaḥ | abhavo bhavam ātmānam abhayo bhayam ātmanaḥ ||

વસિષ્ઠે કહ્યું—તપ ન કરતો હોવા છતાં તે પોતાને તપસ્વી માને છે; ક્યાંય ન જતો હોવા છતાં પોતાને ગમનશીલ સમજે છે. ભવ (સંસાર)થી રહિત હોવા છતાં પોતાને સંસારી માને છે; અને નિર્ભય હોવા છતાં પોતાને ભયભીત સમજે છે.

अतपाःone who does not perform austerity (non-ascetic)
अतपाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअ-तपस् (प्रातिपदिक: अतपाः)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तपःausterity, penance
तपः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आत्मानम्self
आत्मानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अगतिम्non-going, lack of movement
अगतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअ-गति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
गतिम्going, movement
गतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
आत्मनःof oneself
आत्मनः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
अभवःnon-existence; being without worldly becoming
अभवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअ-भव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवम्worldly existence, becoming
भवम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आत्मानम्self
आत्मानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अभयःfearless
अभयः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-भय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भयम्fear
भयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभय
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आत्मनःof oneself
आत्मनः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular

वसिष्ठ उवाच

V
Vasiṣṭha

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that bondage often arises from misidentification: the mind attributes to the Self qualities it does not possess (austerity/non-austerity, motion/non-motion, worldly becoming/non-becoming, fearlessness/fear). Ethical clarity and liberation begin by seeing through these false self-notions.

Vasiṣṭha is instructing his listener in a reflective, renunciatory discourse typical of the Śānti Parva: he diagnoses the inner error by which a person superimposes contradictory states upon the Self, thereby sustaining confusion and suffering.