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Shloka 10

Adhyāya 302: Guṇa-vicāra, Gati-bheda, and the Imperishable State

Yājñavalkya–Janaka

स्वक्षरं प्रश्मितं वाक्‍्यं मधुरं चाप्यनुल्बणम्‌ | पप्रच्छर्षिवरं राजा करालजनक: पुरा

svakṣaraṁ praśmitaṁ vākyaṁ madhuraṁ cāpy anulbaṇam | papracchārṣivaraṁ rājā karālajanakaḥ purā ||

પૂર્વકાળમાં કરાળ-જનક રાજાએ શ્રેષ્ઠ ઋષિને પ્રશ્ન કર્યો— સુગઠિત અક્ષરોવાળી વાણીમાં, હળવા સ્મિતભર્યા સ્વરે, મધુર અને વિનયસભર રીતે, કઠોરતા તથા કુતર્કથી રહિત શબ્દોમાં।

सुwell, good
सु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसु
अक्षरम्syllable/lettering (well-formed)
अक्षरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअक्षर
Formneuter, accusative, singular
प्रस्मितम्smiling, with a gentle smile
प्रस्मितम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रस्मित
Formneuter, accusative, singular
वाक्यम्speech, statement
वाक्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवाक्य
Formneuter, accusative, singular
मधुरम्sweet, pleasant
मधुरम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootमधुर
Formneuter, accusative, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिalso, even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
अनुल्बणम्not harsh/excessive; gentle, unstrained
अनुल्बणम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअनुल्बण
Formneuter, accusative, singular
पप्रच्छasked, inquired
पप्रच्छ:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रच्छ्
Formperfect (liṭ), third, singular
ऋषिवरम्the best of sages
ऋषिवरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootऋषिवर
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
करालजनकःKarāla Janaka (Janaka named Karāla)
करालजनकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकरालजनक
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
पुराformerly, in olden times
पुरा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुरा

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
J
Janaka (Karāla Janaka)
ṛṣivara (an unnamed best of sages)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights dharmic etiquette in spiritual inquiry: one should approach the wise with humility and ask using well-chosen, gentle, sweet, and restrained words—avoiding harshness, excess, and argumentative speech.

Bhishma recalls an earlier episode in which King Janaka (called Karāla) goes to a great sage and poses a question respectfully, setting the stage for an instruction on adhyātma (spiritual knowledge).