Shloka 11

शब्द, स्पर्श, रूप, रस और गन्ध--ये पाँच इन्द्रियोंके विषय हैं। इन्हें सदा इन्द्रियोंसे पृथक्‌ समझना चाहिये ।। इन्द्रियाणि मनो युड्धक्ते वश्यान्‌ यन्तेव वाजिन: । मनश्वापि सदा युद्धक्ते भूतात्मा हृदयाश्रित:,जैसे सारथि घोड़ोंको अपने वशमें रखकर उन्हें इच्छानुसार चलाता है, इसी प्रकार मन इन्द्रियोंको काबूमें रखकर उन्हें स्वेच्छासे विषयोंकी ओर प्रेरित करता है, परंतु हृदयमें रहनेवाला जीवात्मा सदा उस मनपर भी शासन किया करता है

śabda-sparśa-rūpa-rasa-gandhāḥ—ete pañcendriyāṇāṁ viṣayāḥ; etān sadā indriyebhyaḥ pṛthag eva vijānīyāt. indriyāṇi mano yuktvā vaśyān yantā iva vājinaḥ; manaś cāpi sadā yuktvā bhūtātmā hṛdayāśritaḥ.

શબ્દ, સ્પર્શ, રૂપ, રસ અને ગંધ—આ પાંચ ઇન્દ્રિયવિષયો છે; તેમને સદા ઇન્દ્રિયોથી જુદા સમજવા જોઈએ. જેમ સારથી ઘોડાઓને જોડીને વશમાં રાખી ઇચ્છાનુસાર દોડાવે છે, તેમ મન ઇન્દ્રિયોને કાબૂમાં રાખીને તેમને વિષયો તરફ પ્રેરિત કરે છે. પરંતુ હૃદયમાં સ્થિત ભૂતાત્મા (જીવાત્મા) તે મન પર પણ સદા અધિકાર રાખે છે.

शब्दsound
शब्द:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशब्द
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्पर्शtouch
स्पर्श:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्पर्श
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
रूपform/appearance
रूप:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरूप
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
रसtaste/flavor
रस:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरस
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गन्धsmell/odor
गन्ध:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगन्ध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इन्द्रियाणिthe senses
इन्द्रियाणि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्रिय
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
मनःmind
मनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
युनक्तिyokes/controls
युनक्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootयुज्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
वश्यान्submissive/under control
वश्यान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootवश्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
यन्ताcharioteer
यन्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयन्तृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इवlike/as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
वाजिनःhorses
वाजिनः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवाजिन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
मनःmind
मनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
सदाalways
सदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा
युनक्तिyokes/controls
युनक्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootयुज्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
भूतात्माthe embodied self (living being)
भूतात्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभूतात्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हृदयin the heart
हृदय:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootहृदय
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
आश्रितःresiding in/dependent on
आश्रितः:
TypeAdjective
Rootआ-श्रि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
M
mind (manas)
S
senses (indriyāṇi)
S
self (bhūtātmā)
H
heart (hṛdaya)
C
charioteer (yantā)
H
horses (vājinaḥ)
S
sense-objects: sound, touch, form, taste, smell

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches a hierarchy of discipline: sense-objects are distinct from the senses; the mind can restrain and direct the senses like a charioteer controls horses; and deeper still, the heart-abiding self (bhūtātmā) is the ultimate governor that can and should rule the mind. Ethical life depends on recognizing these distinctions and cultivating inner mastery rather than being dragged by sensory attractions.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on conduct and inner peace, Vyāsa explains to the listener how perception and desire operate. He uses the charioteer-and-horses analogy to describe the mind’s management of the senses, then points beyond the mind to the indwelling self in the heart as the final authority, framing self-knowledge and restraint as foundations for dharma.