Shloka 37
मृत्यु-काल-प्रबोधनम् (Instruction on Mortality, Time, and Truth) — Mahābhārata, Śānti-parva 169
Devanagari script
जघान गौतमो राजन् यथा दस्युगणास्तथा । हिंसापटर्घणाहीन: सदा प्राणिवधे रत:
Transliteration
jaghāna gautamo rājan yathā dasyugaṇās tathā | hiṁsāpaṭarghaṇāhīnaḥ sadā prāṇivadhē rataḥ ||
Translation
ભીષ્મે કહ્યું—હે રાજન! ગૌતમ દસ્યુગણોની જેમ પ્રાણીઓનો વધ કરતો. હિંસા પર કોઈ સંયમ ન રાખનાર તે સદા પ્રાણીવધમાં જ રત રહેતો।
Word by Word
जघानslew/killed
जघान:
TypeVerb
Rootहन् (धातु)
Formलिट् (परस्मैपद) / परोक्षभूत (perfect), प्रथम, एकवचन
गौतमःGautama
गौतमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगौतम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन, एकवचन
यथाjust as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
दस्यु-गणाःbands of robbers
दस्यु-गणाः:
TypeNoun
Rootदस्यु (प्रातिपदिक) + गण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
तथाso/likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
हिंसा-पटु-ऋघण-हीनःskilled in violence, devoid of compassion
हिंसा-पटु-ऋघण-हीनः:
TypeAdjective
Rootहिंसा (प्रातिपदिक) + पटु (प्रातिपदिक) + ऋघण (प्रातिपदिक) + हीन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
सदाalways
सदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा
प्राणि-वधेin the killing of creatures
प्राणि-वधे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootप्राणि (प्रातिपदिक) + वध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन
रतःengaged/delighting (in)
रतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootरम (धातु) → रत (कृदन्त, क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Characters & Entities
B
BhīṣmaG
GautamaK
King (Yudhiṣṭhira, addressed as rājan)D
dasyugaṇa (bands of robbers)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
Unrestrained violence toward living beings is equated with the conduct of robbers; ethical life (dharma) requires restraint and compassion rather than habitual killing.
Bhīṣma describes a man named Gautama whose daily behavior is characterized by roaming and killing like outlaws, emphasizing his lack of restraint and constant intent to slaughter creatures.