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Shloka 12

Śiśupāla-vākya: Bhīṣma-nindā and the ‘Haṃsa’ Exemplum (शिशुपालवाक्यम् — भीष्मनिन्दा, हंसदृष्टान्तः)

ज्ञानवृद्धा मया राजन्‌ बहव: पर्युपासिता: । तेषां कथयतां शौरेरहं गुणवतो गुणान्‌

jñānavṛddhā mayā rājan bahavaḥ paryupāsitāḥ | teṣāṃ kathayatāṃ śaurer ahaṃ guṇavato guṇān

ભીષ્મ બોલ્યા—હે રાજન, મેં જ્ઞાનમાં વૃદ્ધ એવા અનેક મહાપુરુષોની દીર્ઘકાળ સેવા કરી છે. તેમના વર્ણનથી મેં શૌરિના—ગુણવાનના—ગુણો સાંભળી જાણ્યા છે.

ज्ञानवृद्धाःgrown in knowledge, learned
ज्ञानवृद्धाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootज्ञानवृद्ध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मयाby me
मया:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Instrumental, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
बहवःmany
बहवः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पर्युपासिताःserved, attended upon
पर्युपासिताः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootपरि-उप-आस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, क्त (past passive participle)
तेषाम्of them
तेषाम्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
कथयताम्while they were narrating / of those narrating
कथयताम्:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootकथय्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural, शतृ (present active participle)
शौरेःof Śauri (Krishna)
शौरेः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशौरि
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Nominative, Singular
गुणवतःof the virtuous/possessing qualities
गुणवतः:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootगुणवत्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
गुणान्qualities, virtues
गुणान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
R
rājan (the King)
Ś
Śauri (Kṛṣṇa)

Educational Q&A

True understanding of virtue is refined through humble service to the wise; the greatness of a virtuous person is recognized through their guṇas (ethical excellences) as testified by reliable elders.

Bhīṣma addresses the king and grounds his forthcoming praise/assessment of Śauri (Kṛṣṇa) in authoritative tradition: he has served many learned elders and has heard from them detailed accounts of Kṛṣṇa’s virtues.