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Shloka 30

कर्णेन सैन्यस्थापनं तथा नानायुद्धसमवायः

Karna Reforms the Host and Multiple Duels Converge

आ पाज्चाल्येभ्य: कुरवो नैमिषाश्न मत्स्याश्वैतेडप्पथ जानन्ति धर्मम्‌ । अथोदीच्याश्षाज्गका मागधाश्ष शिष्टान्‌ धर्मानुपजीवन्ति वृद्धा:

ā pāñcālyebhyaḥ kuravo naimiṣāś ca matsyāś caite ’dya patha jānanti dharmam | athodīcyāḥ śāṅgakā māgadhāś ca śiṣṭān dharmān upajīvanti vṛddhāḥ ||

કર્ણે કહ્યું—પાંચાલોથી લઈને કુરુઓ, નૈમિષવાસીઓ અને મત્સ્યો—આ બધા હવે યથાવત્ ધર્મમાર્ગ જાણે છે. તેમ જ ઉત્તરદેશીયો, શાંગકો અને માગધો—વિશેષ કરીને તેમના વૃદ્ધજન—શિષ્ટો દ્વારા સ્થાપિત ધર્મનિયમોને આધારે જીવન જીવે છે।

up to, as far as
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पाञ्चाल्येभ्यःfrom the Pāñcālas
पाञ्चाल्येभ्यः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootपाञ्चाल्य
FormMasculine, Ablative, Plural
कुरवःthe Kurus
कुरवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकुरु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
नैमिषाःthe Naimiṣas (people of Naimiṣa)
नैमिषाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनैमिष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मत्स्याःthe Matsyas
मत्स्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमत्स्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
श्वेताःthe Śvetas (a people/tribe)
श्वेताः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्वेत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
एतेthese
एते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पन्थानम्path, way
पन्थानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपन्थान्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
जानन्तिknow
जानन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
धर्मम्dharma, righteousness
धर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अथthen, moreover
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
उदीच्याःthe northerners
उदीच्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउदीच्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
शाल्वकाःthe Śālvakas
शाल्वकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशाल्वक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मागधाःthe Māgadhas
मागधाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमागध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
शिष्टान्approved, prescribed (by the learned)
शिष्टान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootशिष्ट
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
धर्मान्dharmas, duties
धर्मान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
उपजीवन्तिlive by, subsist on, follow as livelihood/practice
उपजीवन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-जीव्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
वृद्धाःthe elders
वृद्धाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवृद्ध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

कर्ण उवाच

K
Karna
P
Pāñcālas (Pañcāla)
K
Kurus
N
Naimiṣa (Naimiṣa region/Naimiṣāraṇya)
M
Matsyas (Matsya)
U
Udīcyas (northerners)
Ś
Śāṅgakas
M
Māgadhas (Magadha)
D
Dharma

Educational Q&A

Dharma is recognized and sustained through the ‘path’ known in society—especially the śiṣṭa (cultivated, authoritative) standards preserved and practiced by elders; ethical order is framed as a shared, region-spanning norm rather than a private opinion.

Karna, speaking in the war narrative, invokes a broad map of peoples and regions to assert that they understand and follow dharma, emphasizing that established communities—guided by elders—live by recognized codes of conduct.