Shloka 11

तेषां निशाम्येज्,ितानि युद्धे प्राणाउ्जुहूषताम्‌ समुद्वीक्ष्य मुखं राज्ञो बालार्कसमवर्चसम्‌

teṣāṁ niśāmyejitāni yuddhe prāṇān juhūṣatām | samudvīkṣya mukhaṁ rājño bālārka-samavarcasam ||

સંજય બોલ્યો—યુદ્ધમાં પ્રાણોની આહુતિ આપવા ઉદ્યત એવા વીર들의 ચેષ્ટાઓ નિહાળી અને રાજાના મુખને—ઉદયતા બાલસૂર્ય સમાન તેજસ્વી—જોઈ, તેણે તે ક્ષણને યોગ્ય એવી ગાંભીર્યભરી વાણી ઉચ્ચારી.

तेषाम्of them
तेषाम्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine/neuter, genitive, plural
निशाम्यhaving observed
निशाम्य:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootनि-शम् (निशामयति)
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), active, non-finite
ईजितानिgestures/movements (lit. 'acts/efforts')
ईजितानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootईजित (from √यज्)
Formneuter, accusative, plural
युद्धेin battle
युद्धे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
Formneuter, locative, singular
प्राणान्lives/breaths
प्राणान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्राण
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
जुहूषताम्of those eager to offer up (their lives)
जुहूषताम्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Root√हु (जुहोति) / desiderative stem जुहूष-
Formpresent (desiderative base), third, plural, parasmaipada, genitive plural participial/finite usage in epic; understood as 'of those wishing to offer/sacrifice (their lives)'
समुद्वीक्ष्यhaving looked at / having beheld
समुद्वीक्ष्य:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-उद्-√ईक्ष्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), active, non-finite
मुखम्face
मुखम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमुख
Formneuter, accusative, singular
राज्ञःof the king
राज्ञः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
Formmasculine, genitive, singular
बालार्क-सम-वर्चसम्having a radiance like the young sun
बालार्क-सम-वर्चसम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootबालार्क + सम + वर्चस्
Formneuter, accusative, singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
T
the king (rājā; contextually Dhṛtarāṣṭra)
W
warriors/combatants

Educational Q&A

The verse casts the battlefield in sacrificial imagery—fighters ‘offer’ their lives—highlighting the grave ethical cost of war and the responsibility of rulers and witnesses to face that reality with clarity and restraint.

Sañjaya reports what he sees: intense battle where men are giving up their lives, and he notes the king’s radiant, resolute expression, setting the emotional and moral tone for the account that follows.