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Shloka 40

Adhyāya 74 (Book 6, Bhīṣma-parva): Bhīma–Duryodhana re-engagement and afternoon escalation

महाराज! उस युद्धमें कितने ही हाथियोंके द्वारा विशाल सर्पराजके समान सूँड़ोंसे खींचकर फेंके हुए रथोंके ध्वज और कूबर चूर-चूर होकर गिरते देखे जाते थे ।।

sañjaya uvāca | mahārāja! tasmin yuddhe bahubhir dantibhir mahāsarpārāja-sadṛśaiḥ śuṇḍaiḥ kṛṣṭvā kṣiptānāṃ rathānāṃ dhvajāḥ kūbarāś ca cūrṇitāḥ patantīti dṛśyante sma | viśīrṇa-ratha-saṅghān keśeṣv ākṣipya dantibhiḥ | drumāśākhā iva āvidhya niṣpiṣṭā rathino raṇe ||

મહારાજ! તે યુદ્ધમાં સર્પરાજ સમાન સૂંઢવાળા હાથીઓ રથોને ખેંચી ફેંકતા; તેમના ધ્વજ અને કૂબર ચૂરચૂર થઈને પડતા દેખાતા. પછી દંતી હાથીઓ રથસમૂહોને તોડી, તેમાં બેઠેલા રથીઓને વાળ પકડી ખેંચી લેતા અને વૃક્ષની ડાળ જેવી રીતે ઘુમાવી જમીન પર પછાડતા; રણમાં તેઓ સંપૂર્ણપણે પીસાઈ જતા.

विशीर्णin the shattered/broken
विशीर्ण:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootविशीर्ण (वि-√शॄ/शॄण्, past passive participle)
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
रथ-संघेषुin the groups of chariots
रथ-संघेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरथ + संघ
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
आक्षिप्यhaving seized/dragged
आक्षिप्य:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-√क्षिप्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund)
दन्तिभिःby elephants
दन्तिभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootदन्तिन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
केशेषुby the hair (at the hair)
केशेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकेश
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
रथिनःthe chariot-warriors
रथिनः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरथिन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
रणेin battle
रणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरण
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
क्रम-शाखाःbranches (as if) of a tree (lit. step/series-branches; i.e., branches)
क्रम-शाखाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootक्रम + शाखा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
इवlike/as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
आविध्यhaving whirled/brandished
आविध्य:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-√व्यध्/√विध् (to whirl/brandish)
FormAbsolutive (Gerund)
निष्पिष्टाःwere crushed/smashed
निष्पिष्टाः:
TypeVerb
Rootनि-√पिष् (past passive participle)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by 'mahārāja')
E
elephants (dantins)
C
chariots (rathas)
B
banners/standards (dhvajas)
C
chariot-yokes/poles (kūbaras)
C
chariot-warriors (rathins)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how unchecked martial force turns warriors into objects of destruction, reminding the listener that power without restraint collapses dignity and order; it implicitly warns that dharma is strained when violence becomes mere crushing might.

Sañjaya describes elephants rampaging through chariot formations: they smash chariots so that banners and yokes splinter, then seize chariot-warriors by the hair, whirl them, and fling them down, crushing them amid the chaos of battle.