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Shloka 12

गौरुडव्यूह-रचना तथा अर्धचन्द्र-प्रत्यव्यूह

Garuḍa Array and the Ardhacandra Counter-Formation

उदीर्णाश्न हया राजन्‌ वहन्तस्तत्र तत्र ह । बद्धखड्गनिषड्गाश्च विध्वस्तशिरसो हता:,जिघांसन्तं युधां श्रेष्ठ तदा55सीत्‌ तुमुलं महत्‌ । संजय कहते हैं--राजन्‌! पाण्डवपक्षके लाखों क्षत्रियशिरोमणि महारथी विराट सेनापति शूरवीर श्वेतको आगे करके आपके पुत्र दुर्योधनको अपना बल दिखाते हुए शिखण्डीको सामने रखकर भीष्मके सुवर्णभूषित रथपर चढ़ आये। भारत! वे महारथी श्लेतकी रक्षा करना चाहते थे। इसलिये उसे मारनेकी इच्छावाले योद्धाओंमें श्रेष्ठ भीष्मपर उन्होंने धावा किया। उस समय बड़ा भयंकर युद्ध छिड़ गया

sañjaya uvāca |

udīrṇāś ca hayā rājan vahantas tatra tatra ha |

baddha-khaḍga-niṣaṅgāś ca vidhvasta-śiraso hatāḥ |

jighāṃsantaṃ yudhāṃ śreṣṭha tadā āsīt tumulaṃ mahat ||

સંજય બોલ્યો—રાજન! ઉન્મત્ત ઘોડા રથોને ખેંચતા અહીં-ત્યાં ફરતા હતા. ખડગ અને તૂણિર બાંધેલા જ અનેક યોદ્ધા માર્યા પડી રહ્યા હતા; તેમના મસ્તક ચકનાચૂર હતા. શ્રેષ્ઠ યોદ્ધાને મારવાની ઇચ્છાથી અગ્રગણ્ય વીરોએ ધાવા કર્યો ત્યારે ત્યાં મહાતુમુલ યુદ્ધ ભભૂકી ઊઠ્યું.

उदीर्णाश्वाःhaving excited/impetuous horses
उदीर्णाश्वाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउदीर्ण (उद्+ईर्ण) + अश्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
हयाःhorses
हयाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
राजन्O king
राजन्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
वहन्तःcarrying, bearing
वहन्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवह्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, Present active participle (शतृ)
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
तत्रthere (here and there)
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
indeed (emphatic particle)
:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Root
बद्धखड्गनिषड्गाःwith swords and quivers fastened
बद्धखड्गनिषड्गाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootबद्ध + खड्ग + निषड्ग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विध्वस्तशिरसःwhose heads were shattered
विध्वस्तशिरसः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविध्वस्त + शिरस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
हताःslain
हताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootहन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, Past passive participle (क्त)
जिघांसन्तम्wishing to kill
जिघांसन्तम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootहन् (desiderative: जिघांस्)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular, Present active participle (शतृ) of desiderative stem
युधाम्of battles
युधाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयुध्
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
श्रेष्ठO best (of warriors)
श्रेष्ठ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootश्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
आसीत्was
आसीत्:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
तुमुलम्tumultuous, dreadful
तुमुलम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootतुमुल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
महत्great
महत्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by 'rājan')
H
horses (hayāḥ)
S
swords (khaḍga)
Q
quivers (niṣaṅga)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores how the intention to kill (jighāṃsā) and the momentum of battle quickly dissolve control and order: even horses run wild and the battlefield becomes a tumult (tumula). Ethically, it highlights the destructive cascade of violence—once unleashed, it overwhelms both victors and victims, reminding the listener that war’s ‘dharma’ is inseparable from grave human cost.

Sañjaya reports to the king that the fighting has become extremely fierce: horses, excited and uncontrolled, pull chariots in random directions; many warriors lie dead with weapons still strapped on; and the leading fighters surge forward with lethal intent, producing a great uproar and confusion on the battlefield.