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Shloka 19

Adhyāya 39 — त्रिगुणविवेकः (Discrimination of the Three Guṇas) and Avyakta-Doctrine

त्रिधा दानानि दीयन्ते त्रिधा यज्ञ: प्रवर्तते । त्रिधा लोकास्त्रिधा देवास्त्रिधा विद्यास्त्रिधा गति:,गुणोंके भेदसे तीन प्रकारसे दान दिये जाते हैं। तीन प्रकारका यज्ञानुष्ठान होता है। लोक, देव, विद्या और गति भी तीन-तीन प्रकारकी होती है

tridhā dānāni dīyante tridhā yajñaḥ pravartate | tridhā lokās tridhā devās tridhā vidyās tridhā gatiḥ ||

વાયુદેવે કહ્યું— દાન ત્રણ રીતે આપવામાં આવે છે અને યજ્ઞ પણ ત્રણ રીતે પ્રવર્તે છે. તેમ જ લોક ત્રણ પ્રકારના, દેવો ત્રણ પ્રકારના, વિદ્યા ત્રણ પ્રકારની અને જીવની ગતિ પણ ત્રણ પ્રકારની છે.

त्रिधाin three ways
त्रिधा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootत्रिधा
Formavyaya (manner)
दानानिgifts/charities
दानानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदान
Formneuter, nominative, plural
दीयन्तेare given
दीयन्ते:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootदा (दाने)
Formpresent, passive, 3rd person, plural
त्रिधाin three ways
त्रिधा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootत्रिधा
Formavyaya (manner)
यज्ञःsacrifice/ritual
यज्ञः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयज्ञ
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
प्रवर्ततेproceeds/is performed
प्रवर्तते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र√वृत् (वर्तने)
Formpresent, middle (ātmanepada), 3rd person, singular
त्रिधाin three ways
त्रिधा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootत्रिधा
Formavyaya (manner)
लोकाःworlds/realms
लोकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
त्रिधाin three ways
त्रिधा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootत्रिधा
Formavyaya (manner)
देवाःgods
देवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
त्रिधाin three ways
त्रिधा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootत्रिधा
Formavyaya (manner)
विद्याःknowledges/branches of learning
विद्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविद्या
Formfeminine, nominative, plural
त्रिधाin three ways
त्रिधा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootत्रिधा
Formavyaya (manner)
गतिःcourse/destination
गतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगति
Formfeminine, nominative, singular

वायुदेव उवाच

V
Vāyu-deva

Educational Q&A

Human religious and ethical life is shaped by a threefold classification (implicitly the three guṇas). Giving (dāna) and sacrifice (yajña) are not morally uniform; their quality varies, and that variation corresponds to different kinds of knowledge and different spiritual outcomes (gati).

Vāyu-deva is instructing the listener by laying down a doctrinal framework: many key domains—charity, sacrifice, cosmological realms, divine orders, branches of knowledge, and final attainments—are described as threefold, preparing for or summarizing a guṇa-based ethical evaluation of actions.