Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 73

Chapter 2: Sudarśana Upākhyāna — Atithi-Dharma and the Conquest of Mṛtyu

Gṛhastha-Vrata

पृथिवी वायुराकाशमापो ज्योतिश्न पठचमम्‌ । बुद्धिरात्मा मन: कालो दिशश्वैव गुणा दश

pṛthivī vāyur ākāśam āpo jyotiś ca pañcamam | buddhir ātmā manaḥ kālo diśaś caiva guṇā daśa ||

“પૃથ્વી, વાયુ, આકાશ, જળ અને પાંચમું જ્યોતિ; પછી બુદ્ધિ, આત્મા, મન, કાળ અને દિશાઓ—આ દસ ‘સાક્ષી-તત્ત્વો’ છે. દેહધારી પ્રાણીઓના શરીરમાં સદા નિવાસ કરીને તેઓ મનુષ્યના પુણ્ય અને પાપ કર્મોને જોતા રહે છે.”

पृथिवीearth
पृथिवी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपृथिवी
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
वायुःwind/air
वायुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवायु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
आकाशम्space/ether
आकाशम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआकाश
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
आपःwaters
आपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअप्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
ज्योतिःlight/fire
ज्योतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootज्योतिस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
पञ्चमम्the fifth (element)
पञ्चमम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपञ्चम
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
बुद्धिःintellect
बुद्धिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबुद्धि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
आत्माself/soul
आत्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मनःmind
मनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
कालःtime
कालः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दिशःdirections
दिशः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदिश्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
गुणाःqualities/entities
गुणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
दशten
दश:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
E
Earth (pṛthivī)
W
Wind (vāyu)
S
Space/Ether (ākāśa)
W
Water (āpaḥ)
L
Light (jyotiḥ)
I
Intellect (buddhi)
S
Self (ātmā)
M
Mind (manas)
T
Time (kāla)
D
Directions (diś)

Educational Q&A

No deed is truly hidden: the cosmos and the inner faculties function as constant witnesses. This frames ethics as accountability before both the world (elements, directions, time) and oneself (mind, intellect, self).

Bhishma, instructing on dharma, enumerates ten ever-present principles—cosmic elements and inner faculties—described as observing the merit and sin of embodied beings, reinforcing the seriousness of righteous conduct.