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Shloka 1

कालयुक्तधर्मविवेकः

Discerning Dharma in Accord with Time

ऑपनआक्रात छा अर: चतुश्नत्वारिशर्दाधिकशततमो< ध्याय: बन्धन-मुक्ति

umovāca kiṃśīlaḥ kiṃsamācāraḥ puruṣaḥ kaiś ca karmabhiḥ | svargaṃ samabhipadyeta sampradānena kena vā ||

ઉમાએ પૂછ્યું—“ભગવન્! સર્વભૂતેેશ્વર, દેવાસુર-નમસ્કૃત, વિભો! મનુષ્યો માટે ધર્મ અને અધર્મનું સ્વરૂપ મને કહો, જેથી મારો સંશય દૂર થાય. અને કહો—કયા શીલ અને કયા આચરણથી, કયા કર્મોથી મનુષ્ય સ્વર્ગને પ્રાપ્ત કરે છે? તથા કયા પ્રકારના દાનથી તે પ્રાપ્તી સુનિશ્ચિત થાય છે?”

उमाUmā
उमा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउमा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid/spoke
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
भगवन्O Lord
भगवन्:
TypeNoun
Rootभगवत्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
सर्वभूतेशO Lord of all beings
सर्वभूतेश:
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वभूतेश
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
देवासुरनमस्कृतworshipped by gods and asuras
देवासुरनमस्कृत:
TypeAdjective
Rootदेवासुरनमस्कृत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
धर्मdharma/righteousness
धर्म:
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अधर्मःadharma/unrighteousness
अधर्मः:
TypeNoun
Rootअधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नृणाम्of men
नृणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootनृ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
देवO god
देव:
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
ब्रूहिtell (me)
ब्रूहि:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperative, 2nd, Singular, Parasmaipada
मेto me
मे:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormDative, Singular
संशयम्doubt
संशयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसंशय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
विभोO all-pervading one
विभो:
TypeNoun
Rootविभु
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
उमाUmā
उमा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउमा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
किम्-शीलःof what nature/character?
किम्-शीलः:
TypeAdjective
Rootकिम् + शील
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
किम्-समाचारःof what conduct/practice?
किम्-समाचारः:
TypeAdjective
Rootकिम् + समाचार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पुरुषःa man/person
पुरुषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कैःby which?/with what?
कैः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
कर्मभिःby deeds/actions
कर्मभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
स्वर्गम्heaven
स्वर्गम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्वर्ग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
समभिपद्येतmight attain/obtain
समभिपद्येत:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-अभि-पद्
FormOptative, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
सम्प्रदानेनby giving/donation
सम्प्रदानेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसम्प्रदान
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
केनby what?
केन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा

श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच

U
Umā

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a dharma-inquiry: heavenly attainment is linked not merely to ritual but to a person’s character (śīla), daily conduct (samācāra), and ethically qualified actions (karma), with special attention to the role and manner of giving (sampradāna/dāna).

In the Umā–Maheśvara dialogue, Umā questions the divine teacher about the moral qualities, behaviors, and specific deeds—including forms of charity—that lead a human being to attain svarga.