Shloka 3

Chandas-Lakṣaṇa: Upacitraka, Vegavatī, Bhadravirāṭ, Viparītākhyānaka, Vaitālīya

Aparavaktra

Devanagari script

विषमे वेगवती सा गः समे भौ भो गगौ गणाः / पादे ऽसमे तजौ रो गः समे मसौ जगौ गरुः / भवेद्भद्रविराट् केतुमती तु विषमे सजौ

Transliteration

viṣame vegavatī sā gaḥ same bhau bho gagau gaṇāḥ / pāde 'same tajau ro gaḥ same masau jagau garuḥ / bhavedbhadravirāṭ ketumatī tu viṣame sajau

Translation

વિષમ પાદમાં ‘વેગવતી’— ‘સા’ અને ‘ગ’ ગણ સાથે; સમ પાદમાં ‘ભૌ’, ‘ભો’, ‘ગગૌ’ ગણો હોય છે. પાદ વિષમ હોય તો ‘તજૌ-રો-ગ’; સમ હોય તો ‘મસૌ-જગૌ-ગરુ’. આમ ‘ભદ્રવિરાટ્’ છંદ બને છે; અને ‘કેતુમતી’માં વિષમ પાદે ‘સજૌ’ ગણ હોય છે।

Word by Word

• viṣame: in the odd (pāda)
• viṣame: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: viṣama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन

• vegavatī: Vegavatī (a metre)
• vegavatī: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vegavatī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; छन्दः-नाम (metre name)

• sā: that (metre)
• sā: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• gaḥ: (has) ga (gaṇa)
• gaḥ: Karta (Predicate/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ga (छन्दः-गणनाम; प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• same: in the even (pāda)
• same: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन

• bhau: bhau (gaṇa)
• bhau: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhau (छन्दः-गणनाम; प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन/technical listing

• bho: O!
• bho: Sambodhana (Address/सम्बोधन)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: bho (अव्यय/सम्बोधन-निपात)
• Form: सम्बोधन-निपात (vocative particle)

• gagau: gagau (gaṇas)
• gagau: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gagau (छन्दः-गणनाम; प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), द्विवचन/technical listing

• gaṇāḥ: groups (gaṇas)
• gaṇāḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन

• pāde: in the pāda
• pāde: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pāda (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन

• asame: in the uneven (pāda)
• asame: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: asama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; ‘असम’ = uneven/odd

• tajau: tajau (gaṇa)
• tajau: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tajau (छन्दः-गणनाम; प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), द्विवचन/technical listing

• ro: ro (gaṇa)
• ro: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ro (छन्दः-गणनाम; प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन/technical listing

• gaḥ: ga (gaṇa)
• gaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ga (छन्दः-गणनाम; प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• same: in the even (pāda)
• same: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन

• masau: masau (gaṇa)
• masau: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: masau (छन्दः-गणनाम; प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), द्विवचन/technical listing

• jagau: jagau (gaṇa)
• jagau: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jagau (छन्दः-गणनाम; प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), द्विवचन/technical listing

• garuḥ: garu (gaṇa)
• garuḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: garu (छन्दः-गणनाम; प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; छन्दः-गणनाम

• bhavet: would be/becomes
• bhavet: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √bhū (धातु)
• Form: लिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• bhadra-virāṭ: Bhadravirāṭ (metre name)
• bhadra-virāṭ: Karta (Predicate nominative/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhadra (प्रातिपदिक) + virāṭ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; कर्मधारयः (descriptive compound)

• ketumatī: Ketumatī (metre name)
• ketumatī: Karta (Predicate nominative/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ketumatī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; छन्दः-नाम (metre name)

• tu: but/indeed
• tu: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: विरोध/विशेषार्थक-निपात (particle: but/indeed)

• viṣame: in the odd (pāda)
• viṣame: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: viṣama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन

• sajau: sajau (gaṇa)
• sajau: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sajau (छन्दः-गणनाम; प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), द्विवचन/technical listing

Speaker

Sūta/Narrator (prosodic instruction section; chandas-lakṣaṇa style)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.210 (metre-names: Vegavatī, Bhadravirāṭ, Ketumatī; odd/even pāda gaṇa prescriptions); Pingala/Chandas literature parallels for gaṇa-based metre identification (nomenclature may vary by tradition)

Characters & Entities

• Gaṇas (prosody)
• Pāda (quarter-verse)
• Chandas (metre)

FAQs

What is the importance of gaṇas and pādas mentioned in this Garuda Purana verse?

This verse functions as a prosodic key: it teaches how to identify a metre by listing the gaṇa-sequence in odd and even pādas, helping correct recitation and textual verification.

How does this verse relate to understanding the Garuda Purana’s teachings?

While not a doctrinal afterlife passage, it supports accurate preservation and chanting of the Purana—meter rules help keep verses stable across oral and manuscript transmission.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Use the gaṇa-patterns to scan and verify shloka rhythm when learning, chanting, or digitizing manuscripts, reducing errors in pronunciation and line division.