Mantra 14
Sukta 70
Sanskrit (Devanagari)
वृषा यूथेव वंसगः कृष्टीरियर्त्योजसा । ईशानो अप्रतिष्कुतः
IAST Transliteration
vṛ́ṣā yū́theva váṃsagaḥ kṛṣṭī́r iyarty ójasā | ī́śāno ápratiṣkutaḥ ||
English Translation (Griffith/Whitney)
The Bull, like a herd-leader going foremost, by his might he drives the peoples on—sovereign, whom none may turn aside.
Translation
વૃષભ સમ, યુથના આગેવાનની જેમ આગળ વધતો, પોતાના ઓજસથી પ્રજાઓને ગતિમાં ધકેલે છે—સ્વામી, જેને કોઈ વાળી શકતું નથી.
Word by Word
वृषाthe bull; the mighty one
वृषा:
Kartā
TypeNoun (used adjectivally)
Rootवृषन् (प्रातिपदिक) / वृष् (धातु, ‘वर्षणे/सेचने’—व्युत्पत्त्यर्थ)
यूथम्a herd, troop
यूथम्:
(Upamā; not a kāraka in itself)
TypeNoun
Rootयूथ (प्रातिपदिक)
इवlike, as
इव:
(Upamā-marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
वंसगःthe herd-leader; leader of the troop
वंसगः:
Kartā (apposition to वृषा)
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootवंसग (प्रातिपदिक; ‘वंश/वंस’ + ‘ग’ = ‘going/leading with the herd’—lexical stem)
कृष्टीःthe peoples, communities
कृष्टीः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकृष्टि (प्रातिपदिक)
ईयर्तिdrives on, sets in motion
ईयर्ति:
(Kriyā)
TypeVerb
Rootईर् (धातु; प्रेरणे/गतौ)
ओजसाby strength, with might
ओजसा:
Karaṇa
TypeNoun
Rootओजस् (प्रातिपदिक)
ईशानःruling, sovereign
ईशानः:
Kartā (apposition to वृषा)
TypeAdjective/Participle
Rootईशान (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √ईश् ‘to rule, possess’ → शानच्/आनच्-प्रत्ययः)
अप्रतिष्कुतःunrepulsed, unobstructed; irresistible
अप्रतिष्कुतः:
Kartā (qualifier of the subject)
TypeAdjective (past-participial sense)
Rootअ- + प्रति- + √स्कु (धातु; ‘to cover/obstruct/ward off’—as in प्रतिष्कु/प्रतिष्कुत ‘repelled, obstructed’) → प्रतिष्कुत (कृदन्त/विशेषण-प्रातिपदिक)
Attribution
Rishi: RV-derived
Devata: Indra
Chandas: Anuṣṭubh
Mantra Rasa
{"primary_rasa":"vira","secondary_rasa":"shanta","emotional_arc":"From rallying strength to stable sovereignty.","listener_experience":"Roused courage, alignment, and confidence in leadership.","intensity":7}