Vamana Purana — Vishnu's Sleep (Ashunya-Shayana), Shloka 14

The Caturmasya Observances and the Rite of Vishnu’s Sleep (Aśūnya-Śayana) and Shiva’s Monthly Vows

Devanagari script

विश्वकर्मा द्वितीयायां तृतीयायां गिरेः सुता विनायकश्चुर्थ्या तु पञ्चम्यामपि धर्मराट्

Transliteration

viśvakarmā dvitīyāyāṃ tṛtīyāyāṃ gireḥ sutā vināyakaścurthyā tu pañcamyāmapi dharmarāṭ

Translation

Au deuxième jour lunaire (dvitīyā), on dit que Viśvakarman se repose. Au troisième (tṛtīyā), la Fille de la Montagne se repose. Au quatrième (caturthī), Vināyaka se repose ; et au cinquième (pañcamī), Dharmarāṭ (Yama) se repose aussi.

Word by Word

• विश्वकर्मा: Viśvakarmā
• विश्वकर्मा: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: viśvakarman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; समासः—विश्व + कर्मन् (तत्पुरुष)

• द्वितीयायाम्: on the second (tithi)
• द्वितीयायाम्: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location-time)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dvitīyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन

• तृतीयायाम्: on the third (tithi)
• तृतीयायाम्: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location-time)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tṛtīyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन

• गिरेः: of the mountain
• गिरेः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: giri (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन

• सुता: daughter
• सुता: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sutā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• विनायकः: Vināyaka (Gaṇeśa)
• विनायकः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vināyaka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• चतुर्थ्याम्: on the fourth (tithi)
• चतुर्थ्याम्: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location-time)
• Type: Noun
• Root: caturthī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन

• तु: but/indeed
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात (particle), विरोध/विशेषार्थे

• पञ्चम्याम्: on the fifth (tithi)
• पञ्चम्याम्: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location-time)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pañcamī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन

• अपि: also
• अपि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात (particle), समुच्चय/अप्यर्थे

• धर्मराट्: Dharma-rāṭ (king of dharma)
• धर्मराट्: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dharmarāṭ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; समासः—धर्म + राट् (तत्पुरुष)

Speakers

• Narrative frame not explicit in excerpt; commonly Pulastya → Nārada in Vāmana Purāṇa

Primary Deities

• Viśvakarman
• Girijā/Parvatī
• Vināyaka (Gaṇeśa)
• Dharmarāṭ (Yama)

Key Themes

• Vrata/Rituals
• Tithi calendar
• Devotional observance
• Sectarian harmony (multi-deity ritual mapping)

Verse Rasa (Emotional Flavour)

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Time (kāla) is sacralized: each tithi is linked with a cosmic functionary/deity, encouraging disciplined observance and reverence for diverse divine powers that uphold order (dharma), prosperity, and auspiciousness.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana?

This is ancillary ritual/dharma material rather than one of the five primary marks; it aligns most closely with dharma-oriented instruction often embedded alongside (or within) vaṃśānucarita-era teaching sections, but it is not a direct sarga/pratisarga/vamśa list.

What is the symbolic significance?

The mapping honors multiple divine roles: creation/craft (Viśvakarman), śakti and fertility/auspicious power (Girijā), obstacle-removal (Vināyaka), and moral retribution/order (Yama), presenting a harmonized pantheon within a single ritual calendar.