Shloka 5

पृथिवीमण्डलपरिज्ञानम्

Sugriva on Surveying the Earth’s Regions

Devanagari script

ततोऽहं तत्र निक्षिप्तो गुहाद्वारि विनीतवत्।न च निष्क्रामते वाली तदा संवत्सरे गते।।

Transliteration

tato 'haṃ tatra nikṣipto guhā-dvāri vinītavat | na ca niṣkrāmate vālī tadā saṃvatsare gate ||

Translation

Alors je fus posté là, à l’entrée de la caverne, docile; mais même après qu’une année se fut écoulée, Vālī ne sortit pas.

Word by Word

• ततः: then
• ततः: कालाधिकरण (Temporal setting)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: क्रम-अव्यय (then)

• क्षतजवेगेन: by the rush of blood
• क्षतजवेगेन: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument; manner/cause)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षतज + वेग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः ‘क्षतजस्य वेगः’ (speed/force of blood)

• आपुपूरे: was filled
• आपुपूरे: क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √पॄ (धातु) + आ- (उपसर्ग)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; ‘was filled’

• तदा: then
• तदा: कालाधिकरण (Temporal setting)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (then)

• बिलम्: the cave
• बिलम्: कर्ता (Kartā/Subject; of passive sense ‘was filled’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बिल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• तत्: that
• तत्: कर्म (Karma/Object; of दृष्ट्वा)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (प्रातिपदिक; सर्वनाम)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘that (sight/event)’

• अहम्: I
• अहम्: कर्ता (Kartā/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा, एकवचन

• विस्मितः: astonished
• विस्मितः: कर्ता-विशेषण (Subject predicate)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विस्मित (कृदन्त; √स्मि/√स्मय् धातु)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; भूतकृदन्त (PPP) — ‘astonished’

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• दृष्ट्वा: पूर्वकाल (Prior action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √दृश् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (Gerund/absolutive) — ‘having seen’

• भ्रातृशोकविषार्दितः: afflicted by grief for my brother
• भ्रातृशोकविषार्दितः: कर्ता-विशेषण (Subject qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भ्रातृ + शोक + विषार्दित (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समासः (determinative) ‘भ्रातुः शोक- (इति) विषार्दितः’ = afflicted by grief for (my) brother

Context

'Then I waited at the entrance of the cave with due loyalty. A year passed. Yet Vali did not return.

Characters & Entities

• Sugriva
• Rama
• Vālī
• cave entrance (guhādvāra)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma as fidelity to duty: Sugriva remains at his assigned post with discipline, showing responsibility even under uncertainty.

What is the narrative situation?

Sugriva is left at the cave mouth while Vālī fights inside; time passes without Vālī’s return.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Loyalty and steadfastness (niṣṭhā).