Shloka 21

किष्किन्धाप्रवेशः—लक्ष्मणस्य कोपः, तारासान्त्वम्, सुग्रीवदर्शनम्

Lakshmana Enters Kishkindha: Anger, Tara’s Mediation, and Sugriva Encountered

Devanagari script

प्रविशन्नेव सततं शुश्राव मधुरस्वरम्।तन्त्रीगीतसमाकीर्णं समगीतपदाक्षरम्।।।।

Transliteration

praviśann eva satataṃ śuśrāva madhurasvaram |

tantrīgītasamākīrṇaṃ samagītapadākṣaram ||

Translation

À peine entrait-il qu’il entendait sans cesse de douces sonorités, mêlées au chant des cordes et à des hymnes dont mots et syllabes étaient posés sur une mélodie mesurée.

Word by Word

• praviśan: entering
• praviśan: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-viś (धातु) > praviśant (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Present active participle (शतृ), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग) Nominative (प्रथमा) Singular (एकवचन), agreeing with implied 'saḥ'

• eva: just/indeed
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात), emphasis

• satatam: constantly
• satatam: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: satata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Adverbial accusative (क्रियाविशेषणरूपेण द्वितीया), 'constantly'

• śuśrāva: heard
• śuśrāva: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: śru (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (लिट्), Parasmaipada, 3rd person Singular

• madhura-svaram: sweet sound/voice
• madhura-svaram: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: madhura (प्रातिपदिक) + svara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Karmadhāraya (कर्मधारय) noun; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया) Singular (एकवचन)

• tantrī-gīta-samākīrṇam: filled with songs of stringed instruments
• tantrī-gīta-samākīrṇam: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tantrī (प्रातिपदिक) + gīta (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक) + samākīrṇa (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) adjective; Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया) Singular (एकवचन), qualifying 'madhura-svaram' (as heard sound)

• samagīta-pada-akṣaram: with syllables/words sung in proper melody and metre
• samagīta-pada-akṣaram: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: samagīta (प्रातिपदिक) + pada (प्रातिपदिक) + akṣara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) adjective; Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया) Singular (एकवचन), qualifying 'madhura-svaram'

Context

As he entered, he heard melodious sounds of string instruments and music worded to metre with different kinds of tunes.

Characters & Entities

• Lakṣmaṇa
• Gīta (song)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma as vigilance: pleasant sensory experiences are present, yet a dharmic agent must remain focused on truth and obligation.

What is the narrative situation?

Inside the palace precincts, Lakṣmaṇa hears refined music and singing, signaling festivity and leisure within.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Self-control (dama): he does not indulge; he registers the scene as part of assessing Sugrīva’s conduct.