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Shloka 90

दुन्दुभिवधप्रसङ्गः

The Dundubhi Episode and the Proof of Rama’s Prowess

Devanagari script

स एव संशयस्तात तव तस्य च यद्बले4.11.90।।सालमेकं तु निर्भिद्या भवेद्व्यक्तिर्बलाबले।

Transliteration

sa eva saṁśayas tāta tava tasya ca yad bale |

sālam ekaṁ tu nirbhidya bhaved vyaktir balābale ||

Translation

Tel est, mon cher, le doute au sujet de la force, la tienne et la sienne. Mais si tu peux transpercer un seul arbre śāla, la vérité sur la force et la faiblesse deviendra évidente.

Word by Word
सःthat (he/that)
सः:
कर्ता (subject)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (masc., nominative, singular)
एवalone/indeed
एव:
सम्बन्ध/विशेषण-निपात (emphatic particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formनिपातः/अवधारणार्थक-अव्ययम् (particle of emphasis/limitation)
संशयःdoubt
संशयः:
कर्ता (subject/predicate-noun)
TypeNoun
Rootसंशय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (masc., nominative, singular)
तातO dear (father/dear one)
तात:
सम्बोधन (address)
TypeNoun
Rootतात (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गः, सम्बोधन-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (masc., vocative, singular)
तवyour
तव:
सम्बन्ध (possessor)
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (genitive, singular; pronoun)
तस्यhis/of him
तस्य:
सम्बन्ध (possessor)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे/नपुंसकलिङ्गे, षष्ठी-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (genitive, singular)
चand
च:
समुच्चय (connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्ययम् (conjunction)
यत्which/that (as to)
यत्:
विशेषण (relative qualifier to ‘बले’)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गः, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (neut., nom./acc., singular; relative pronoun)
बलेin (the matter of) strength
बले:
अधिकरण (locus: in the matter of strength)
TypeNoun
Rootबल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गः, सप्तमी-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (neut., locative, singular)
सालम्a śāla tree
सालम्:
कर्म (object)
TypeNoun
Rootसाल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गः, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (masc., accusative, singular)
एकम्one
एकम्:
विशेषण (qualifier of object)
TypeAdjective
Rootएक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गः, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (masc., accusative, singular; agreeing with ‘सालम्’)
तुbut/indeed
तु:
सम्बन्ध/निपात (discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formविरोध/अवधारणार्थक-अव्ययम् (particle: but/indeed)
निर्भिद्यhaving split/pierced through
निर्भिद्य:
क्रियाविशेषण (prior action to main verb)
TypeVerb
Rootनि-√भिद् (भिदिर् छेदने)
Formक्त्वान्त-अव्ययम् (absolutive/gerund), परस्मैपदी-धातुः; ‘having split/pierced through’ (gerund)
भवेत्would be/will become
भवेत्:
क्रिया (main verb)
TypeVerb
Root√भू (भू सत्तायाम्)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), प्रथम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्, परस्मैपदम् (optative, 3rd person singular, parasmaipada)
व्यक्तिःmanifestation/demonstration
व्यक्तिः:
कर्ता (subject: ‘demonstration/manifestation’)
TypeNoun
Rootव्यक्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्गः, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (fem., nominative, singular)
बलाबलेin (the matter of) strength and weakness
बलाबले:
अधिकरण (locus: in strength and non-strength)
TypeNoun
Rootबल + अबल (प्रातिपदिक-द्वय)
Formद्वन्द्व-समासः (इतरेतर-द्वन्द्वः); नपुंसकलिङ्गः, सप्तमी-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (neut., locative, singular)
Context

'I was unable to gauge whether your strength is more than his (Vali's) since there is a great difference between a dry body and a wet one.

Characters & Entities
S
Sugriva
R
Rama
V
Vali (implied)

FAQs

Dharma as fair procedure: before undertaking a morally charged act (killing Vali), Sugrīva requests a clearer, more reliable demonstration.

Sugrīva proposes an alternative test—piercing a śāla tree—to better assess whether Rama can match or exceed Vali’s prowess.

Practical wisdom: Sugrīva seeks verifiable proof to minimize risk and ensure the alliance proceeds on truthful grounds.

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