Valmiki Ramayana 2.3.42: Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 3, Shloka 42

यौवराज्याभिषेक-उपकल्पनम्

Preparations for Rama’s Installation as Yuvaraja

Devanagari script

भूयो विनयमास्थाय भव नित्यं जितेन्द्रियः।।।।कामक्रोधसमुत्थानि त्यजेथा व्यसनानि च।

Sanskrit recitationValmiki Ramayana 2.3.42

Transliteration

bhūyo vinayam āsthāya bhava nityaṁ jitendriyaḥ |

kāmakrodhasamutthāni tyajethā vyasanāni ca ||

Translation

Affermis davantage encore l’humilité, et tiens toujours tes sens vaincus; renonce aussi aux égarements qui naissent du désir et de la colère.

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Word by Word

• भूयः: again, further
• भूयः: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: भूयः (अव्यय)
• Form: पुनरर्थक-अव्यय (adverb: ‘again/further’)

• विनयम्: humility, discipline
• विनयम्: कर्म (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विनय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• आस्थाय: having adopted
• आस्थाय: पूर्वकाल-क्रिया (Prior action/पूर्वक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-स्था (धातु) + ल्यप् (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त्वान्त/ल्यपन्त अव्ययकृदन्तः (gerund): ‘having resorted to/adopted’

• भव: become
• भव: क्रिया (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)
• Form: लोट् (Imperative/लोट्), परस्मैपदम्, मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन

• नित्यम्: always
• नित्यम्: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नित्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (adverb: ‘always’)

• जित-इन्द्रियः: one who has conquered the senses
• जित-इन्द्रियः: कर्तृविशेषण (Subject-qualifier/कर्तृविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: जित (जि धातु + क्त) + इन्द्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: बहुव्रीहिसमासः: जितानि इन्द्रियाणि येन सः; क्त-कृदन्त-आधारः, पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (of 'tvam' understood)

• काम-क्रोध-समुत्थानि: arising from desire and anger
• काम-क्रोध-समुत्थानि: कर्मविशेषण (Object-qualifier/कर्मविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: काम (प्रातिपदिक) + क्रोध (प्रातिपदिक) + समुत्थ (उद्-स्था धातु + क्त)
• Form: तत्पुरुषसमासः: कामक्रोधाभ्यां समुत्थानि; क्त-कृदन्ताधारित विशेषणम्, नपुंसकलिङ्गे, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; विशेषणम् (of 'vyasanāni')

• त्यजेथाः: you should abandon
• त्यजेथाः: क्रिया (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: त्यज् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative/विधिलिङ्), परस्मैपदम्, मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन

• व्यसनानि: vices, calamities (bad habits)
• व्यसनानि: कर्म (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: व्यसन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• च: also, and
• च: समुच्चय (Connector/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

Context

With your behaviour keep the ministers and the people satisfied by means direct or indirect.

Characters & Entities

• Daśaratha
• Rāma
• kāma
• krodha

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma in leadership begins with self-rule: humility, sense-control, and freedom from kāma and krodha prevent injustice and preserve truthfulness and fairness.

What is the narrative situation?

Daśaratha continues instructing Rāma on the inner disciplines required for kingship and public trust.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Jitendriyatā (mastery over the senses) and vinaya (humility) as foundational royal virtues.