Shloka 36

Devanagari script

स तथा गृध्रराजेन क्लिश्यमानो मुहुर्मुहुः।।।।अमर्षस्फुरितोष्ठस्सन्प्राकम्पत च रावणः।

Transliteration

sa tathā gṛdhrarājena kliśyamāno muhur muhuḥ | amarṣa-sphuritōṣṭhaḥ san prākampata ca rāvaṇaḥ ||

Translation

Ainsi tourmenté sans cesse par le roi des vautours, Rāvaṇa trembla de fureur, les lèvres frémissantes de colère.

Word by Word

• सः: he
• सः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• तथा: thus
• तथा: Prakāra (प्रकार)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb: 'thus/in that manner')

• गृध्रराजेन: by the king of vultures
• गृध्रराजेन: Kartr-karana/Agent-instrument (कर्ता-हेतु/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गृध्रराज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (गृध्राणां राजा), पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• क्लिश्यमानः: being tormented
• क्लिश्यमानः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: क्लिश् (धातु: क्लेशने)
• Form: शानच्-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमान-कृदन्त (Present Passive Participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• मुहुः: again
• मुहुः: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: मुहुः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; कालवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (adverb of time)

• मुहुः: and again
• मुहुः: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: मुहुः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; पुनरुक्ति (reduplication for emphasis)

• अमर्षस्फुरितोष्ठः: whose lips quivered with anger
• अमर्षस्फुरितोष्ठः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अमर्ष + स्फुरित + ओष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: बहुव्रीहि-समास (अमर्षेण स्फुरितौ ओष्ठौ यस्य), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying रावणः)

• सन्: being
• सन्: Kriya-visheṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु)
• Form: शतृ/सत्-रूप (Present participle of 'to be'), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; अवस्थानिर्देशक (being)

• प्राकम्पत: trembled/shook
• प्राकम्पत: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र- कम्प् (धातु: कम्पने)
• Form: लङ्-लकार (Imperfect), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय

• रावणः: Ravana
• रावणः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रावण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; व्यक्तिवाचक (proper noun)

Context

Thus tormented again and again by the king of vultures, Ravana shook with anger, his lips quivering.

Characters & Entities

• Jaṭāyu
• Rāvaṇa

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It highlights how krodha (rage) destabilizes judgment; adharma is sustained by uncontrolled anger, while dharma requires steadiness and restraint.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāvaṇa, repeatedly wounded by Jaṭāyu, becomes visibly shaken and enraged.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

By contrast, Jaṭāyu’s perseverance is implied; Rāvaṇa displays the vice of uncontrolled anger.