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Shloka 20

Tithi-vicara

Determination of Tithi for Fasts, Parana, and Pitri Rites

दिनकार्यमशेषं हि कर्तव्यं शर्वरीमुखे । विधिरेष मया ख्यातो नराणामुपवासिनाम् ॥ २० ॥

dinakāryamaśeṣaṃ hi kartavyaṃ śarvarīmukhe | vidhireṣa mayā khyāto narāṇāmupavāsinām || 20 ||

En vérité, toutes les obligations du jour doivent être accomplies dès le tout début de la nuit. Telle est la règle de conduite que j’ai exposée pour ceux qui observent l’upavāsa (jeûne).

dina-kāryamthe daytime duty
dina-kāryam:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootdina (प्रातिपदिक) + kārya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (दिनस्य कार्यम्)
aśeṣamentire, without remainder
aśeṣam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootaśeṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); agrees with kāryam
hiindeed
hi:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात); emphasis/indeed
kartavyammust be done
kartavyam:
Vidheyabhāva (विधेय/Predicate obligation)
TypeVerb
Rootkṛ (कृ धातु) + tavya (तव्य प्रत्यय)
FormGerundive/obligative (तव्यत्-कृदन्त); Neuter, Nominative, Singular; impersonal predicate: ‘is to be done’
śarvarī-mukheat the beginning of night
śarvarī-mukhe:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Locative)
TypeNoun
Rootśarvarī (प्रातिपदिक) + mukha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (शर्वर्याः मुखे)
vidhiḥthe rule
vidhiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootvidhi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular
eṣaḥthis
eṣaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Determiner)
TypeNoun
Rootetad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular; demonstrative pronoun (सर्वनाम)
mayāby me
mayā:
Kartṛkaraṇa (कर्तृ-करण/Agent-instrumental)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormInstrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular; pronoun ‘I’
khyātaḥdeclared, made known
khyātaḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootkhyā (ख्या धातु) + ta (क्त प्रत्यय)
FormPast passive participle (क्त-कृदन्त); Masculine, Nominative, Singular; agrees with vidhiḥ
narāṇāmof men
narāṇām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootnara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Plural (बहुवचन)
upavāsināmof those who are fasting
upavāsinām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootupavāsin (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural; agent noun ‘one who fasts’

Narada

Vrata: none

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bhakti

FAQs

It frames fasting (upavāsa) as disciplined sacred time: one should settle worldly daytime tasks first, so the night and the vow are kept with a steady, undistracted mind.

By prescribing order and restraint, it supports bhakti-practice: when duties are finished early, the fasting observer can devote the night to japa, remembrance, and worship without interruption.

It reflects practical ritual timing (kāla/niyama) used in vrata-vidhi—organizing actions by proper time (night’s commencement) to preserve purity and focus during observances.